2013年北京市昌平区中小学校管道直饮水现状调查

Current situation analysis on pipeline direct drinking water in primary and secondary schools of Changping District of Beijing in 2013

目的了解北京市昌平区中小学校管道直饮水现状。方法现场调查中小学校管道直饮水安装使用现状,并对安装使用管道直饮水设备的中小学校管网末梢水和管道直饮水进行检测,检测指标有浑浊度、色度、菌落总数、总大肠菌群、大肠埃希菌、余氯、耗氧量、亚硝酸盐氮。结果辖区117所中小学校有63所学校安装并正常使用管道直饮水;63所学校累计1 164个教学班,39 983名中小学生,共计安装了391台直饮水设备1 431个直饮水笼头,平均28人1个饮水笼头;有28所学校管道直饮水设备安装在紧临卫生间的楼道或水房,有11所学校直饮水安装在卫生间角落;有51所学校直饮水设备饮水台面有生活垃圾;53所学校直饮水设备周围有生活垃圾;有12所学校直饮水设备有烧开水功能,但仅3所学校开水笼头插卡管控;有25所学校更换过直饮水设备;累计有11个厂家为提过23种规格型号的直饮水设备,设备净水原理分别为反渗透、高温灭菌、反渗透+高温灭菌3种方式,有5个厂家8个型号的直饮水不合格,涉及9所学校;实验室检测显示,管网末梢水总体合格率为63.49%,管道直饮水总体合格率为85.71%,不合格原因均为菌落总数、大肠菌群和余氯。结论安装在紧临卫生间或卫生间角落的管道直饮水设备存在人为污染饮水笼头或(和)饮水平台的隐患;部分学校水质余氯不达标而存在水质易被污染的隐患;部分学校管网末梢水和管道直饮水均存在微生物污染;部分学校直饮水笼头不足;未实行管控的开水存在烫伤学生的危险。呼吁有关部门尽快出台管道直饮水标准,规范生产企业和使用单位的管理。

[Objective]To understand the current situation of pipeline direct drinking water in primary and secondary schools of Changping District of Beijing. [Methods]The current situation of installation and use of direct drinking water pipeline system in primary and secondary schools was investigated by field survey. The tap water and direct drinking water sampled from direct drinking water pipeline system were detected,and the indexes included turbidity,chromaticity,total bacterial count,total coliform group,Escherichia coli,residual chlorine,oxygen consumption and nitrite nitrogen. [Results]63 of 117 primary and secondary schools have installed the direct drinking water pipeline system and the system was in regular service. In 63 schools,there were 39 983 students in 1 164 classes,391 direct drinking water systems with 1 431 water-taps,and 28 students shared a water-tap averagely. The direct drinking water system has been installed on corridor or booth near the toilet in 28 schools,the system has been installed in the corner of the toilet in 11 schools,the domestic garbage has been found on the table top of the direct drinking water system in 51 schools,and the domestic garbage has been found around the direct drinking water system in53 schools. The direct drinking water system can boil the water in 12 schools,but the tap of boiling water has the card control system in only 3 schools. 25 schools have changed the direct drinking water system. There were 23 types of direct drinking water systems from 11 manufactories. The water purification principles included reverse osmosis,high temperature sterilization,reverse osmosis combined with high temperature sterilization. 8 types of direct drinking water systems from 5 manufactories were unqualified,involving 9 schools. Laboratory tests showed the total qualified rate of tap water and direct drinking water was63.49% and 85.71% respectively,and the unqualified indexes included total bacterial count,total coliform group and residual chlorine.[Conclusion]The direct drinking water system installed near the toilet or in the corner of the toilet has the hidden trouble for pollution of water tap or（and） water platform. The residual chlorine is unqualified in some schools,which indicates the danger of water pollution. The microbial contamination has been found in the tap water and direct drinking water in some schools.The direct drinking water taps are insufficient in some schools,and boiling water without card control system may scald the students. It is suggested that the relevant departments should issue the pipeline direct drinking water standards soon as possible,to regulate the administration of production enterprises and use of schools.