唐山市职业人群甲状腺结节的患病情况

Prevalence of thyroid nodules in occupational groups of Tangshan City

目的分析唐山市职业人群中甲状腺结节的患病情况。方法选取4 500例2013年4月—2014年4月在唐山市工人医院体检中心进行健康检查的医务人员、大学教师、公安干警、银行职员、公务员、厂企工人6种不同职业人群,应用彩色多普勒进行甲状腺超声检查。分析职业人群不同性别、不同年龄甲状腺结节患病情况。结果唐山市职业人群甲状腺结节的患病率为38.1%,其中男性34.1%,女性42.3%,女性患病率明显高于男性(χ2=32.586,P<0.01),不同年龄组甲状腺结节的患病率不同(χ2=291.202,P<0.01),并且男女患病率均随着年龄增长而升高(男性趋势χ2=124.292,P<0.01;女性趋势χ2=169.802,P<0.01)。医务人员、大学教师、公安干警、银行职员、公务员、厂企工人患病率分别为48.9%、41.5%、35.9%、35.6%、33.9%、32.3%。6种不同职业患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=62.257,P<0.01)。结论唐山市职业人群甲状腺结节患病率较高,不同性别、不同年龄患病率不同,不同职业患病率不同,医务人员甲状腺结节患病率最高,在健康检查中普及甲状腺彩超对甲状腺结节早期防治有重要意义。

[Objective]To analyze the prevalence of thyroid nodules in occupational groups of Tangshan City. [Methods]4 500 people of 6 occupational groups,including medical staff,university teachers,public security,bank employees,civil servants and enterprise workers,who have received the health examination in the Medical Examination Center of Tangshan Workers＇ Hospital from April 2013 to April 2014,were given the thyroid ultrasonography by the color doppler flow imaging. The prevalence rates of thyroid nodules were analyzed in different sex and age groups.[Results]The prevalence rate of thyroid nodules in occupational groups of Tangshan City was 38.1%,and the prevalence rate in females（42.3%） was higher than that in males（34.1%）significantly（χ2=32.586,P〈0.01）. There was significant difference in prevalence rate of thyroid nodules among different age groups（χ2=291.202,P〈0.01）,and the prevalence rate increased with increasing of age in both male and female groups（male χ2=124.292,P〈0.01;female χ2=169.802,P〈0.01）. The prevalence rate in medical staff,university teachers,public security,bank employees,civil servants and enterprise workers was 48.9%,41.5%,35.9%,35.6%,33.9% and 32.3%,respectively,and the difference in prevalence rate among different occupational groups was statistically significant（χ2=62.257,P〈0.01）. [Conclusion]The prevalence rate of thyroid nodules in occupational groups of Tangshan City is high,and there are significant differences in the prevalence rate among different sex and age groups. The prevalence rates in 6 occupational groups are different,which that in medical staff was the highest. The thyroid ultrasonography in health examination has significant implications for the early prevention and treatment of thyroid nodules.