豫西南鄂西北地区龙山晚期遗存分析

Remains of Late Longshan Period in Southwest Henan and Northwest Hubei

豫西南鄂西北地区乱石滩、大寺、下王岗等遗址的龙山晚期遗存进行分组分析,可分为两段,第一段相当于石家河文化中期晚段,绝对年代为距今4300-4200年;第二段相当于石家河文化晚期和王湾三期文化晚期,绝对年代为距今4200-3900年。通过对该地区龙山晚期遗存进行文化因素分析,将其分为A、B两类,其中A类遗存包括乱石滩、大寺、七里河、下王岗遗址第一组,属于石家河文化中、晚期遗存。B类遗存包括乱石滩、大寺、下王岗遗址第二组,八里岗、下寨、青龙泉、店子河遗址第一组,为王湾三期文化晚期遗存,可命名为乱石滩类型。豫西南鄂西北地区在第一段为石家河文化分布区域,王湾三期文化尚未在该地区出现。到了第二段,除七里河遗址外,王湾三期文化已经全面占据该地区。以往所谓"乱石滩文化"等命名只是将不同时期、属于不同文化的遗存混为一谈,不能成立。

Remains from the late Longshan period discovered atthe sites of Luanshitan, Dasi, Xiawanggang, etc. in southwestHenan province and northwestHubei province are dated to two periods： late mid period of the Shijiahe culture（4300-4200 BP）; late period of the Shijiahe culture to phase III of the Wangwan culture（4200-3900 BP）. Based on an analysis of their cultural elements, these remains are divided into two types. Type A includes the firstgroup in Luanshitan, Dasi, Qilihe and Xiawanggang remains dating to the mid-to-late Shijiahe culture. Type B includes the second group in Luanshitan, Dasi and Xiawanggang remains and the firstgroup in Baligang, Xiazhai, Qinglongquan and Dianzihe remains, which date to the late period of phase III of the Wangwan culture and can be termed ＂Luanshitan type＂. During the firstperiod, southwestHenan and northwestHubei was distributed with Shijiahe cultural remains. By the second period, phase III of the Wangwan culture was dominantin this region（exceptatQilihe）. To term these cultural remains, itis unjustifiable to attribute remains from differentperiods or cultures to one culture（e.g. ＂Luanshitan culture＂）.