对皖南新四军北移路线“北线”的重新评价

A New Evaluation of the “North Route” of New Fourth Army's Northward Move in South Anhui

近年来,学术界关于皖南新四军的北移路线存在许多争论。在皖南事变之前,新四军的北移有三条路线可选,即北线、东线和南线。相对而言,从北线铜陵、繁昌间渡江转移是比较安全的。新四军经该线北移路程较近、地形熟悉,掌握敌伪的活动规律,准备最为充分,具有政治优势,有敌顽矛盾可以利用,有渡江的经验可以借鉴,即使遭到拦截,可能遭受的损失也是最小的。但从北线转移也有不利因素,主要是敌顽的封锁和国民党散布了新四军北移消息。由于各种原因,皖南新四军最终放弃了从北线转移的计划。其主要教训是:项英犹豫动摇,丧失了渡江的最佳时机,高估了困难,没有舍局部而保整体的决心。无论新四军选择怎样的北移路线,大部队北渡长江和复杂的敌情迟早都是要面对的。

In recentyears, opinions are varying aboutthe routes of northward move of the New Fourth Army in south Anhui province. Before the South Anhui Incident, there were three optional routes for the northward move, i.e. north, eastand south routes. The north route, through which the Army could cross the Yangtze river somewhere between Tongling and Fanchang, was relatively safe. If the Army chose this route, itwould travel shor ter distance and take advantage of the topography, with which itwas ver y familiar. Other advantages included： intelligence aboutthe enemy＇s activities along the north route, contradictions between the enemy and the diehards and experience in crossing the river. In case of interceptions, the loss could be reduced to minimum. However, there were disadvantages, such as blockade of the enemy and diehards and the factthatthe Kuomintang had spread the news aboutthe Army＇s northward move. For various reasons, the Army eventually abandoned the north route. Because of Xiang Ying＇s hesitation, the Army missed the greatopportunity of crossing the river. Xiang also overestimated difficulties and failed to give overall consideration. Whichever route the Army had chosen to move northward, ithad to cross the Yangtze and face the complexity of the enemy＇s situation.