急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗经皮冠状动脉介入术中冠状动脉意外

Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Grat ing for the Treatment of Coronary Accidents during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

目的总结对复杂冠状动脉病变实施经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）术中冠状动脉意外的治疗经验。方法上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院2011年1月至2013年1月共收治由本院及外院心内科转入的PCI术中冠状动脉意外患者30例,其中男21例、女9例,年龄54~84（68±11）岁。冠状动脉意外类型包括单纯冠状动脉夹层形成12例,血管破裂出血12例,支架内急性血栓形成2例,后扩张球囊断裂及后扩张球囊嵌顿各1例,PCI导丝嵌顿2例。30例患者中,8例患者术前放置主动脉内球囊反搏导管。所有患者均行急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术,29例行非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术,1例并行循环行心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术。回顾性分析患者病史、手术记录等临床资料,总结PCI术中冠状动脉意外的外科处理方法、手术效果及术后并发症等。结果术中平均搭桥（2.8±0.4）支。术后患者ICU停留时间（8.3±4.8）d,平均住院时间（20.3±15.2）d。术后主要并发症包括低心排血量综合征3例,气管切开2例,术后行持续肾脏替代治疗2例,再次开胸止血1例。28例患者出院,1例死于术后低心排血量导致的多器官功能衰竭,另1例死于术后难治性心室颤动。随访26例,随访时间（10.2±8.3）个月,随访期间1例死于脑卒中。结论使用急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术尽快恢复冠状动脉血供治疗PCI术中冠状动脉意外疗效确切。

Objective To summarize our experience of emergency coronary artery bypass grafting（CABG） for the treatment of coronary accidents during percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI）. Methods From January 2011 to January 2013, 30 patients with coronary accidents during PCI from our hospital and other hospitals received surgical treatment in Xinhua Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University. There were 21 male and 9 female patients with their age of 68±11（54-84） years. Coronary accidents included coronary artery dissection in 12 patients, coronary artery perforation in 12 patients, acute in-stent thrombosis in 2 patients, dilation balloon rupture in 1 patient and balloon retention in 1 patient, and PCI guidewire retention in 2 patients. Among the 30 patients, 8 patients received intra-aortic balloon pump（IABP） implantation preoperatively. All the patients underwent emergency CABG, including 29 patients undergoing off-pump CABG and 1 patient undergoing CABG on pump with heart beating. The patients＇ medical history, PCI and surgical records were retrospectively reviewed, and surgical treatment strategies, clinical outcomes and prognosis were summarized. Results The average number of grafts was 2.8±0.4. Postoperative length of ICU stay was 8.3±4.8 days, and mean hospital stay was 20.3±15.2 days. Postoperative complications included low cardiac output syndrome（LCOS） in 3 patients, tracheotomy in 2 patients, acute renal failure requiring continuous renal replacement therapy in 2 patients, and reexploration for bleeding in 1 patient. Twenty-eight were discharged, 1 patient died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by LCOS, and another patient died of refractory ventricular fibrillation. A total of 26 patients were followed up for 10.2±8.3 months and 1 patient died of stroke during the following up. Conclusion Emergency CABG can restore coronary artery blood flow quickly and provide good results for coronary accidents during PCI.