携带汉坦病毒宿主动物分布特征研究

Spatial and temporal distribution of hosts carrying hantaviruses

目的研究西安地区携带汉坦病毒(HV)宿主种类及分布特点。方法夹夜法捕获宿主动物后鉴定种类,利用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测宿主动物肺脏中HV核酸。结果 2011-2013年在监测地域共捕获动物2 577只,鼠密度为3.28%,在9月份达到5.6%;其中黑线姬鼠(Aa)占63.4%,小家鼠(Mm)和褐家鼠(Rn)分别占18.98%和12.88%;312份动物标本中检出HV核酸,其中Aa占88.78%,Rn占5.12%,Mm占4.49%,在黄胸鼠(Rf)和北小社鼩(Cs)也检出HV核酸,在8月和9月捕获的阳性宿主占到了全部阳性的56.73%,野外的阳性宿主占到了总阳性的87.82%。结论西安地区鼠密度在9月达到高峰,鼠种主要为Aa,Mm和Rn,携带HV的动物有Aa,Rn,Mm,Rf和Cs等,形成了在野外以Aa为主,居民区以Rn和Mm为主,阳性宿主动物主要出现在野外8月9月,这对本地区防控肾综合征出血热(HFRS)中宿主控制方面具有指导意义。

In this study,we aimed to observe the hantavirus（HV）hosts species and distribution characteristics in Xi＇an City,Shaanxi Province,China.The small animals were captured by night-trapping and HV RNA was detected by real time RT-PCR in their lung samples.In the survey area from 2011 to 2013,2 577 animals were captured and the average rodent density was 3.28%and reached 5.6%in September in these hosts.Apodemus agrarius（Aa）accounted for 63.4% of the host animal,Mus musculus（Mm）for 18.98%,and Rattus norvegicus（Rn）for 12.88%.There were 312 HV RNA positive lung samples（Aa 88.78%,Rn 5.12%,Mm 4.49%）.HV RNA was also found in Rattus flavipectus（Rf）and Crocidura suaveolens（Cs）.The HV RNA positive rate of hosts captured in August and September was 56.73%.The HV RNA positive hosts in field area accounted for 87.82% of total positive ones.The host density reached to the highest point in September and the main hosts of HV were Aa,Mm and Rn;the hosts carrying HV RNA were Aa,Rn,Mm,Rf,and Cs in Xi＇an from 2011to2013.In the field area,Aa was the main HV host,and in residential area,they were Rn and Mm.The HV RNA positive hosts mainly appeared in the field area in August and September and this conclusion was important for the control and prevention of HFRS in Xi＇an,China.