三疣梭子蟹‘黄选1号’生长和育种性能分析

Analysis of the growth and breeding value of Portunus trituberculatus ‘Huangxuan No.1'

以家系为分析单元,测量三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）‘黄选1号’新品种在80、100日龄的甲宽、体高和体质量3个性状,运用“海水养殖甲壳类动物育种数据管理与分析系统V1.0”及SPSS13.0软件,对其生长性能、遗传力及育种值进行分析,探讨育种值选择在三疣梭子蟹遗传育种中的应用。结果显示,三疣梭子蟹‘黄选1号’80、100日龄的生长速度分别提高16.20%和19.35%,显示了较大的生长优势；采用REML法进行遗传力评估,发现三疣梭子蟹甲宽、体高、体质量80日龄遗传力分别为0.164、0.304、0.167,100日龄遗传力分别为0.125、0.241、0.117,属于中低度遗传力,说明采用家系选择方法对三疣梭子蟹‘黄选1号’继续遗传改良效果更佳；最后通过BLUP方法评估家系育种值（EBV）,比较发现育种值选择效率比表型值选择效率提高11.1%~19.38%。因此根据育种值进行三疣梭子蟹家系选择,在5%选择强度下利用表型值进行亲本选留,是目前比较理想的三疣梭子蟹选育模式。该结论为三疣梭子蟹的遗传改良提供了理论依据。

Portunus trituberculatus is an economically important food species in China. In recent years, with the rapid expansion and intensification of P. trituberculatus culture, various problems such as disease, larval degen-eration and natural resource depletion have resulted in economic losses in this species. Therefore, studies on se-lective breeding are important. In this paper, the growth performance, heritability and breeding value of P. tritu-berculatus were estimated by full-sibs family mating experiments. In August 2010, a total of 200 mature crabs were taken from a core breeding population of the new variety of P. trituberculatus‘Huangxuan No.1’. Fifty males and 150 females were used for mating. Those that died or had not mated were removed from the study. The re-maining 92 females were moved to an indoor pond for overwintering. In April 2011, only 35 females extruded a fertilized brood of eggs. From April 10 to 16 of 2011, 20 full-sib families were produced. On day 80 and day 100, about 50 individuals were randomly sampled from each family and were measured for carapace width, body height, and body weight. The results showed that the body weight was 16.20%and 19.35%higher on day 80 and day 100, respectively, compared with the natural population. The heritability on day 80 and day 100 ranged from 0.164 to 0.304, and from 0.117 to 0.241, respectively, indicating that family selection is an effective way to breed P. tritu-berculatus. Analysis of the selection efficiency based on the breeding value or phenotypic value revealed that the breeding value was higher than the phenotypic value for growth traits （11.1%–19.38%）. Hence, we suggest that the efficiency of breeding value-based selection is higher than that of phenotypic selection.