咬合重建——科学还是艺术?

Rehabilitation of occlusion——Science or art?

本文综述包括咬合重建中下颌位置、平面、咬合引导、咬合接触、面弓转移、可调式架用法、咬合支持等内容,以明确这些内容是否确实存在客观证据。我们于2011-03在Medline/Pub Med中搜索了超过400篇摘要,选择了其中50篇原文,同时也采用了手工检索。结果表明,许多关于口颌功能与某些特定咬合之间关系的文献,设计不周,研究质量较差,因此其研究结果有很大的不确定性。从改善口颌功能的角度来讲,没有证据支持哪一种类型的咬合优于其他咬合类型,或者哪一种复杂治疗方法的疗效优于那些简单治疗方法。咬合重建需要精确、可重复、简单而快捷的步骤来减少不必要的操作失误和(或)后期补偿性调。因此,尽管那些特殊的治疗尚缺乏相应的科学依据,但有必要让全科牙医掌握一些基本技能,并在继续教育项目中,有目的地提高专科医师的相关知识水平和技能,以便更好地诊治那些复杂病例。

The procedure of occlusal treatment involves improving the morphology and the stomatognathic function.Several practical methods and morphological endpoints have been described in occlusal rehabilitation.We made a selection of these （mandibular position,oc-clusal plane,occlusal guidance,occlusal contact,face-bow transfer,use of an adjustable articulator and occlusal support）and performed a literature review to verify the existence of compelling scientific evidence for each of these.A literature search was conducted using Medline /PubMed in March 2011.Over 400 abstracts were reviewed,and more than 50 manuscripts selected.An additional hand search was also con-ducted.Of the many studies investigating stomatognathic function in relation to specific occlusal schemes,most studies were poorly designed and of low quality,thus yielding ambiguous results.Overall,there is no scientific evidence that supports any specific occlusal scheme being superior to others in terms of improving stomatognathic function,nor that sophisticated methods are superior to simpler ones in terms of clini-cal outcomes.However,it is obvious that the art of occlusal rehabilitation requires accurate,reproducible,easy and quick procedures to re-duce unnecessary technical failures and /or the requirement for compensatory adjustments.Therefore,despite the lack of scientific evidence for specific treatments,the acquisition of these general skills by dentists and attaining profound knowledge and skills in postgraduate training will be necessary for specialists in charge of complicated cases.