海洋碳封存技术：现状、问题与未来

Marine Carbon Sequestration:Current Situation,Problems and Future

过度使用化石能源致使过量排放以CO_2为主的温室气体,并增强全球气候变暖的趋势。碳封存是有效缓解大气中CO_2浓度激增的重要手段。海洋碳封存是一种新兴的碳减排理念,其封存主体是海洋水柱和海底沉积物,它们不但封存潜力巨大,而且与陆地碳封存相比安全性更高。阐述了海洋碳封存的技术原理与封存机制、海洋碳封存的潜力与封存时间、影响海洋碳封存的主要因素、海上CO_2注入技术、CO_2泄漏对海洋生物的影响以及CO_2泄漏的监测技术等,并对未来海洋碳封存的发展前景进行了展望,指出了未来海洋碳封存技术的主要研究热点。

Abuse of fossil energy resources results in the excessive discharge of greenhouse gases,especially CO_2,enhancing the trend of global climate wanning.Carbon sequestration is an important method to lower the increasing rate of CO_2 concentration in the atmosphere.Marine carbon sequestration is a novel idea for reducing CO_2emission,and its reservoir mainly includes seawater and submarine sediment,which not only possess a great potential capacity of carbon sequestration,but also have high safety in relation to continental reservoirs.In this paper,we expounded the technique principle and mechanisms of marine carbon sequestration,potential capacity and time duration of marine carbon sequestration,main factors influencing marine carbon sequestration,CO_2,injection technique,impacts on marine biota from over emission of CO_2 and technique monitoring the leakage of CO_2,.Finally,a prospect of marine carbon sequestration was proposed,and its hot topics were accordingly pointed out.