卵母细胞脂肪酸及其对卵母细胞成熟和发育的影响

The Effects of Fatty Acids in Oocyte on Oocyte Maturation and Development

脂肪酸是一类具有重要生物学功能的营养物质,它们影响机体脂类的代谢、基因表达及细胞膜功能。而且,许多研究揭示,日粮脂肪酸浓度、种类及比例影响动物卵母细胞的质量。目前,利用代谢组学预测卵母细胞质量成为繁殖生物学研究的热点,但主要集中在葡萄糖、氨基酸代谢研究。动物卵母细胞含有大量的内源脂肪酸,但目前关于卵母细胞脂肪酸的代谢作用研究较少,而且脂肪酸还作为信号分子调控基因表达,同时也是生物膜的重要组成成分。基于此,该文综述了卵母细胞脂肪酸主要种类及来源、脂肪酸的生理作用及对卵母细胞成熟和发育的影响,为未来科学合理地调控卵母细胞脂肪酸组成和利用、促进卵母细胞成熟和发育,进而提高动物繁殖能力提供理论基础。

It is widely believed that fatty acids, as nutrient substance with important biology function, have a positive effect on lipid metabolism, gene expression and function of cell membrane in animals. Moreover, a growing body of evidences indicates that oocyte quality can be affected by fatty acids concentration, type and ratios in the diet. To predict oocyte quality using metabonomics methods has so far become a research hot spot in reproductive biology, which focuses primarily on glucose and amino acid metabolism. Animal oocytes contain large amounts of endogenous fatty acids, but little is known about its metabolism in oocytes. Furthermore, fatty acids also act as a signal molecular for the regulation of gene expression, and are a necessary component of biological membranes. Therefore, this review highlights the source and categories of fatty acids, their physiological action and effect on oocyte maturation and development, which will provide the basic for promoting oocyte maturation and develop- ment, thereby improve animal fertility by regulating the composition and apptication of fatty acids in the future.