淮安市健康促进学校中小学生健康知识及行为现状调查

Survey of knowledge and behavior of the students pertaining to health in Huaian City

目的：通过了解淮安市健康促进学校学生健康知识及行为的现状，为健康促进学校创建工作成效进行评价提供依据。方法在102所健康促进创建学校的在校学生中，采用整群随机抽样的方法，在每个申报学校以调查日期的最后一位数作为随机数，抽取一个班级围绕传染病、慢性病、预防接种、突发事件等内容进行问卷调查。102所学校中，金牌2所、银牌26所、铜牌74所；小学54所、中学48所。调查对象共5368人，女生2673人，男生2695人，其中小学学生2848人（农村学生1272人，城市学生1576人），中学学生2520人（农村学生1127人，城市学生1393人）。发放问卷5368份，回收问卷5368份，有效问卷5366份。采取χ2检验对学生的健康知识知晓率和行为形成率进行分析评价，P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果整体上看，女生的知识知晓率（84.5%）和行为形成率（76.5%）高于男生（83.4%，75.1%）（χ^2=26.17、13.23，P〈0.05）。小学女生知识知晓率（83.1%）和行为形成率（76.9%）也高于小学男生（81.9%，74.5%）（χ^2=13.70、21.58，P〈0.05）；小学城市学生知识知晓率（85.0%）和行为形成率（77.6%）高于农村学生（80.2%，74.1%）（χ^2=226.99、49.28，P〈0.05）。中学女生知识知晓率（86.1%）高于中学男生（85.1%）（χ^2=9.73，P〈0.05）；中学城市学生知识知晓率（85.8%）高于农村学生（84.3%）（χ^2=22.37，P〈0.05）。银牌和铜牌学校知识知晓率（84.0%，84.0%）高于金牌（80.6%）（χ^2=19.02、20.08，P均〈0.05）；金牌学校行为形成率（83.3%）高于银牌和铜牌学校（76.2%，75.4%）（χ^2=30.57、38.76，P均〈0.05），银牌行为形成率（76.2%）高于铜牌（75.4%）（χ^2=3.99，P〈0.05）。结论学校健康促进工作仍处在注重健康知识传播的阶段，知识知晓率和行为形成率的高低不完全一致。健康促进还没有成为学校的一种责任和理念。

Objective To promote students health knowledge and behavior and to create work that would provide the basis for evaluating the health promoting school. Method In 102 of the health promoting schools, using cluster random sampling method, in each applied school last digit survey date was used as a random number, selected classes were investigated about the infectious disease, chronic disease, vaccination, emergencies and other items. The subjects of the investigation were totally 5 368 people, 2 673 girls, and 2 695 boys, including primary school students 2 848 （rural students 1 272, 1 576 urban）, middle school students 2 520 （rural students 1 127, 1 393 urban）. All the 5 368 questionnaires were returned, 5 366 were valid. Chi-square test was used to evaluate health knowledge awareness and behavior formation rate, P〈0.05 was regarded as having statistical significance. Result Overall, the awareness rate of knowledge （84.5%） and behavior formation rate （76.5%） of girls were higher than those of boys （83.4%, 75.1%） （χ2=26.17, 13.23, P〈0.05）. The awareness rate of knowledge of primary school girls （83.1%） and their behavior formation rate （76.9%） were also higher than those of primary school boys （81.9%, 74.5%） （χ2=13.70, 21.58, P〈0.05） city primary school students; knowledge rate （85%） and behavior formation rate （77.6%） of urban students were higher than those of rural students （80.2%, 74.1%） （χ2=226.99, 49.28, P〈0.05）. The awareness rate of knowledge of middle school girls （86.1%） was higher than that of middle school boys （85.1%） （χ^2=9.73, P〈0.05）;awareness rate of knowledge （85.8%） of middle school urban students was higher＆amp;nbsp;than that of rural students （84.3%） （χ^2=22.37, P〈0.05）. The awareness rate of silver and bronze school knowledge （84.0%, 84.0%） was higher than that of gold （80.6%） （χ^2=19.02, 20.08, P〈0.05）;the gold medal school behavior formation rate （83.3%） was higher than that of silver and bronze school （76.2%, 75.4%） （χ^2=30.57, 38.76, P〈0.05）, silverbehavior formation rate （76.2%） was higher than the that of bronze medal schools （75.4%） （χ^2=3.99, P〈0.05）. Conclusion The school health promotion work is still focusing on health knowledge education stage, the awareness rates of knowledge and behavior formation rates are not completely consistent. Health promotion has not become a liability and the concept of the schools surveyed.