歼击机飞行员变压性眩晕的调查及相关因素分析

Investigation and related factors of alternobaric vertigo about fighter pilots

目的通过问卷调查分析我军歼击机飞行员变压性眩晕的流行病学特征。方法本课题组在2012年1月-2013年12月对我军250名歼击机飞行员进行变压性眩晕的问卷调查,获得193份确切资料,对变压性眩晕的发生率、发生时的飞行高度、症状持续时间、诱发因素、与飞行时间的关系和既往病史等因素进行分析。结果 193名歼击机飞行员中40例明确在飞行中产生了一过性眩晕症状,发生率为20.72%;多为飞行上升或下降时,高度为1 000~3 000 m;眩晕持续时间2 s^2 min;8例(20%)同时伴压耳症状;14例(35%)当时采用加压面罩吸氧;14例(35%)做特技动作时产生;8例(20%)在飞行中捏鼻鼓气可诱发眩晕。40例产生变压性眩晕飞行员的平均飞行时间(1 791.42±1 387.74)h,153例未产生眩晕者的平均飞行时间为(1 425.39±1 266.31)h,两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论我军歼击机飞行员变压性眩晕有较高发生率,与飞行时间相关,故应有针对性地开展航卫保障。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of our military fighter pilots with alternobaric vertigo by questionnaire. Methods Of the 250 pilots participated in the survey of alternobaric vertigo from January 2012 to December 2013, clinical data about 193 pilots were selected. The relevant factors of alternobaric vertigo, including its incidence, flight altitude, duration, induced factors and relationship between age and flight time, and past medical history were analyzed. Results Of the 193 pilots, alternobaric vertigo occurred in 40 pilots during flight with the rate of 20.72%. The vertigo symptoms showed during flying up or down with the height of 1 000 m to 3 000 m and the vertigo duration of 2 seconds to 2 minutes. Of the 40 cases, 8 cases（20%） had vertigo symptom associated with ear barotrauma; 14 cases（35%） had used the pressurized oxygen mask; 14 cases（35%） had vertigo symptom during doing flying stunts; 8 cases had used Valsalva maneuver which might induce vertigo symptom. The average flight time of 40 cases of alternobaric vertigo was 1 791.42±1 387.74 h, and the average flight time in the other 153 cases who did not have alternobaric vertigo was 1 425.39±1 266.31 h, statistically significant difference was found between them（P 0.01）. ConclusionThe alternobaric vertigo shows a higher incidence in our pilots and it is associated with their flight time. Therefore, targeted air guard protection should be carried out.