直升机飞行员与歼击机飞行员听力比较

Comparative study of hearing data between helicopter pilots and fighter pilots

目的比较陆军直升机飞行员与空军歼击机飞行员的听力资料,观察不同机种飞行员的听力差别。方法收集处于飞行合格状态的陆航部队157例直升机飞行员听力资料和空军105例歼击机飞行员听力资料,分别比较纯音测听在0.25、0.5、1、2、3、4、8 k Hz时和言语频率、全频左右耳听阈差别,及两组噪声性聋的发生率。结果 0.25 k Hz,直升机飞行员平均听阈(左耳9.78±5.50,右耳9.27±4.49)小于歼击机飞行员(左耳11.52±3.41,右耳10.86±2.54),差异有统计学意义(t=2.903、t=3.648,P<0.01)。0.5 k Hz,直升机飞行员平均听阈(左耳9.59±4.12,右耳8.89±3.95)小于歼击机飞行员(左耳10.71±2.34,右耳10.43±1.98),差异有统计学意义(t=2.817、t=4.179,P<0.01)。言语频率,直升机飞行员右耳平均听阈(9.85±3.79)小于歼击机飞行员(10.75±2.39),差异有统计学意义(t=2.356,P<0.05)。全频,直升机飞行员右耳平均听阈(10.66±4.09)小于歼击机飞行员(11.60±2.98),差异有统计学意义(t=2.027,P<0.05)。其他频率,两组噪声性聋的发生率,差异无统计学意义。全部飞行员均达到飞行人员体格检查标准对纯音听阈的要求。结论直升机飞行员听力状况整体优于歼击机飞行员,与直升机飞行员的防护意识强有关。

Objective To compare the hearing data between army helicopter pilots and air-force fighter pilots and observe the difference between them. Methods Hearing data about 157 helicopter pilots in the army aviation unit and 105 fighter pilots in air-force unit who were qualified for flying were collected, and the pure tone test（PTA） in 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 k Hz, speech frequency, the total frequency auditory threshold distinction between left and right ears and the incidence rate of noise deafness in two groups were examined. Results In 0.25 k Hz, the average auditory threshold of helicopter pilots（left ear 9.78±5.50, right ear 9.27±4.49） were less than that of fighter pilots（left ear 11.52±3.41, right ear 10.86±2.54） with significant differences（t=2.903, t=3.648, P 0.01）. In 0.5 k Hz, the average auditory threshold of helicopter pilots（left ear 9.59±4.12, right ear 8.89±3.95） were less than that of fighter pilots（left ear 10.71±2.34, right ear 10.43±1.98） with significant differences（t=2.817, t=4.179, P 0.01）. In speech frequency, the right ear average auditory threshold of helicopter pilots（9.85±3.79） were less than that of fighter pilots（10.75±2.39） with significant difference（t=2.356, P 0.05）. In total frequency, the average auditory threshold of helicopter pilots（10.66±4.09） were less than that of fighter pilots（11.60±2.89） with significant difference（t=2.027, P 0.05）. No significant differences were found in other frequency and the incidence rate of noise deafness between two groups. All pilots had achieved the standard of pure tone auditory threshold in flying personnel physical examination. Conclusion The hearing condition of helicopter pilots is better than that of fighter pilots, which is concerned with the shelter consciousness in helicopter pilots.