北京地区过敏性疾病皮肤点刺试验分析

Skin prick test for allergic disease in Beijing

目的了解北京地区过敏性疾病的常见过敏原,为过敏性疾病的诊断、治疗和预防提供参考。方法采用38种标准化过敏原对北京地区552例过敏性疾病患者进行皮肤点刺试验,分析各过敏原阳性率。结果 552例中344例有至少1种过敏原阳性,总阳性率62.32%;最常见的过敏原为粉尘螨、屋尘螨和杂草,其阳性率分别为21.38%、20.29%和18.84%;吸入性过敏原阳性率43.66%,食物性过敏原阳性率31.52%(χ2=17.33,P<0.01);成人过敏原阳性率61.06%(287/470),儿童69.51%(57/82),结果无统计学差异(χ2=2.01,P>0.05)。结论北京地区过敏性疾病主要由吸入性过敏原引起;粉尘螨、屋尘螨和杂草是最常见的过敏原;皮肤点刺试验是检测过敏原的重要手段。

Objective To provide references for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in Beijing area by studying its common allergens. Methods A total of 552 cases diagnosed with allergic diseases underwent skin prick test with 38 standardized allergens and the positive rate of each allergen were assessed. Results Of the 552 tested cases, 344 cases were positive to at least one kind of allergen and the total positive rate was 62.32%. The results of skin prick test demonstrated that the most common allergens were dermatophagoides farinae, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and weeds, whose positive rates were 21.38%, 20.29% and 18.84%, respectively. The positive rate of inhalant allergens（43.66%） was higher than that of food ones（31.52%）, which was of statistical significance（χ2=17.33, P 0.01）. The allergen positive rate was 61.06%（287/470） in adults and 69.51%（57/82） in children with no statistical significance（χ2=2.01, P 0.05）. Conclusion Allergic diseases are mainly aroused by inhalant allergens. Dermatophagoides farinae, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and weeds are the most common allergens in Beijing area. Skin prick test is an important method for detecting allergens.