变应性鼻炎患者舌下含服免疫治疗依从性的分析及对策

Analysis of the compliance of sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis patients

目的调查变应性鼻炎患者舌下含服免疫治疗依从性的影响因素，探讨防止脱落的对策。方法将120例尘螨过敏为主并行舌下含服免疫治疗的变应性鼻炎患者，按入组时间先后分为对照组（40例）和干预治疗组（80例），干预治疗组在对照组基础上采取措施加强患者的治疗管理，进行为期1年的随访观察。结果在舌下含服免疫治疗1年后，干预治疗组脱落率为13．75％，对照组脱落率为42．5％。2组脱落率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。影响依从性的因素包括：遗忘；疗效不佳，怀疑治疗效果，放弃继续治疗；疗程过长，缺乏耐心，不能坚持；经济负担过重；短期服用后自觉治愈而停药；出现局部不良反应；怕长期服用有不良反应；其他原因（出国、因其他疾病停药等）。结论适当的干预、加强规范管理能增加舌下含服免疫治疗的规范性和依从性，确保治疗的效果。

Objective To investigate the factors associated with the compliance of sublingual immunotherapy （SLIT） for allergic rhinitis （AR） patients and discuss related measures to prevent dropouts. Methods A total of 120 AR patients receiving SLIT due to dust mite allergy were divided into a treatment group （n = 80） and a control group （n = 40）. Those in the treatment group were given systemic management and one - year follow - up visit, compared with the control. Results One year after treatment, the dropout rate was 13.75% for the treatment group and 42.5% for the control. Factors associated with compliance were loss of memory, poor efficacy, doubt on treatment effectiveness, treat- ment discontinuation, extended duration, lack of patience, economic burden, drug withdrawal after short - term administration, local side effects, fear of adverse reactions for long - term administration and other reasons such as going abroad and drug withdrawal due to other diseases. Conclusion Proper intervention and strengthened management are necessary to guarantee the compliance of SLIT and ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.