伊拉克战争和阿富汗战争中美军烧伤医疗后送体系和伤员烧伤特点

Medical evacuation system of burn casualties and characteristics of burn injuries in US Army in Iraqi War and Afghanistan War

烧伤是现代战场上高发生率和高病死率的主要战伤之一。在伊拉克战争和阿富汗战争中,为能使伤员尽快得到救治并重返战斗岗位,美军投入使用了新的五级医疗后送体系。实践证实该体系能够有效提高批量烧伤伤员的救治效率。尽管在该体系下伤员后送时间得到了极大缩短,但如何有效救治、后送烧伤伤员仍需进一步深入研究。本文回顾总结美军烧伤医疗后送体系及烧伤伤员的特点,不仅可为我国未来战时批量烧伤伤员的救治工作提供一定思路,也能为平时突发灾难性事故伤员的救治提供借鉴。

Burn injury continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in modern combat. During the armed combats in Iraq and Afghanistan, the US army put their new five-class medical evacuation system into service with the aim to send back the wounded to duty as soon as possible. This new system indeed increased the efficiency of treatment and evacuation of casualties with extensive burn injury. Though the evacuation time was significantly shortened under the new system, the effective and efficient evacuation of burn patients remains to be rather important problems needing further study. This review summarizes the medical evacuation system of burn casualties and features of burn injuries in US Army in the said conflicts. It may provide some ideas for our burn casualty treatment in future armed conflicts, and it may serve as a reference for treatment of massive casualties caused by catastrophic events in peace time.