13-17世纪中国玉器与伊斯兰玉雕艺术的相互影响

The Mutual Impacts of Sino-Islamic Jade Carving Art during The 13^(th) to 17^(th) Centuries

伊斯兰玉石雕刻有着悠久的历史。13世纪,特别是15世纪以来伊斯兰玉器艺术的发展,与蒙古人的西征并成为该地区的统治者,及其对汉地玉雕传统的接受和推崇息息相关。13-15世纪伊斯兰玉器在造型上可见宋元艺术影响的痕迹,16-17世纪,伊斯兰玉器在工艺、造型、纹饰方面均与明代存在相通之处。印度莫卧儿王朝16、17世纪玉雕艺术的繁荣,直接导致新疆地区优质玉料的西流,是造成明代玉器总体而言玉质欠佳的重要原因。除了草原和海上丝路,西藏是明朝与中亚、南亚诸国交往的重要通道。

Islamic jade carving has a long history. Ever since the 13 th, especially the 15 th centuries the development of Islamic jade carving art owned much to the Mongol's western expedition who enjoyed and introduced jade-carving tradition of the Han people area. The Song and Yuan art style can be seen on the early Islamic jade wares that were made during the 13 th – 15 th centuries. The Ming jade objects share some techniques, design, style and decorative patterns with Islamic wares by the 16 th – 17 th centuries. The prosperous Mughal jade products during the 16 th to 17 th centuries consumed an enormous amount of high-grade raw materials imported from Xinjiang area of China, which resulted with the poor quality of jade objects of the Ming dynasty. Besides, the route across Tibet played as an important role as both prairie and maritime silk roads to bridge Middle and South Asian with the Ming dynasty in history.