NK细胞受体NCR在肿瘤和病毒感染中的作用

Role of Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors of NK Cells in Tumor and Virus Infection

自然杀伤细胞（natural killer cell，NK cell）作为固有免疫应答的主要效应细胞，在机体抗肿瘤和抗病毒感染过程中发挥关键作用。自然细胞毒性受体（natural cytotoxicity receptors，NCR）是NK细胞表面的活化性受体，主要包括NKp30、NKp44和NKp46。这些受体和同源性细胞表面或病毒来源的配体相互结合，可促使NK细胞活化，进而发挥杀伤功能以及分泌细胞因子。相反，肿瘤细胞和病毒也可以通过NCR实现免疫逃逸，促进疾病的发生发展。

Natural killer cells （ NK cells） are important effectors of innate immunity. They play a critical role in the anti-tumor and anti-virus immunosurveillance. Natural cytotoxicity receptors （ NCRs）, including NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46, are activating receptors located on the surface of NK cells. They can trigger NK cell activation, resulting in NK cell cytotoxicity to the target cells and production of immune cytokines, by binding to the cognate cellular ligands and viral ligands. Furthermore, tumor cells and viruses can escape immune response via targeting these receptor-ligand systems, leading to the occurrence and development of diseases.