胆总管十二指肠球部异位开口的诊断与治疗

Diagnosis and treatment of ectopic opening of the common bile duct in the duodenal bulb

目的 探讨胆总管十二指肠球部异位开口的诊断与治疗.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2013年12月山东省滨州市人民医院收治的3例和天津市人民医院收治的9例胆总管十二指肠球部异位开口患者的临床资料.其中7例合并胆总管结石,5例合并胆总管末端狭窄.分析患者的病史和临床表现.检测血常规及血清肝功能指标.行ERCP检查并治疗.采用门诊和电话方式进行随访,随访时间截至2014年8月.结果 6例患者有反复发作的胆管炎病史,2例患者有反复发作的十二指肠溃疡病史.12例患者均有右季肋区疼痛.7例患者有发热寒战、皮肤巩膜黄染、右季肋区压痛.11例患者ALP和GGT升高,8例TBil和DBiL升高,7例WBC计数升高.（1）ERCP检查：12例患者十二指肠第二、三段均无乳头状开口结构.十二指肠球部后壁有略高于周围黏膜表面的裂缝样开口,无典型的主乳头结构,周围黏膜粗糙、糜烂,胆汁自开口间歇性流出.5例患者可见不同程度的十二指肠溃疡.3例患者可见十二指肠球部变形.12例患者均插管成功.（2）胆道造影检查：12例患者胆总管末端进入十二指肠球部段均逐渐变细并呈镰刀状钩形结构.10例肝内外胆管扩张;7例胆总管结石;5例胰管显影,且开口于十二指肠球部.12例患者中,8例成功施行球囊扩张术（5例胆总管末端狭窄,3例胆总管结石）;3例因结石直径＞1.5cm,且胆总管十二指肠球部异位开口狭窄,行胆总管探查取石联合胆肠吻合术;1例ERCP取石失败,患者拒绝手术,行PTC经胆道镜取出胆总管结石.术后无出血、胰腺炎等并发症发生.3例患者行球囊扩张术后胆管炎表现未缓解,2例术后胆管炎复发,均行Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术后治愈;这5例患者平均开腹手术时间为85 min（60- 150 min）,平均术后住院时间为10 d（8-14 d）.12例患者术后均获得随访,中位随访时间为38个月（8 - 90个月）.随访期间,10例患者健康生存,无胆管炎、胆道结石等复发;其余2例患者分别于术后2个月和14个月胆管炎复发,其中1例伴胆总管泥沙样结石复发,均再次入院行Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术后治愈,后期随访无复发.结论 反复发作的胆管炎、十二指肠溃疡病史,右季肋区疼痛、皮肤巩膜黄染、肝功能异常,ERCP检查十二指肠球部裂隙样开口并有胆汁流出,胆道造影检查见胆总管末端进入十二指肠球部段逐渐变细,呈镰刀状钩形结构是胆总管十二指肠球部异位开口的临床特征.该病的治疗以针对伴发疾病为主.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic opening of the common bile duct in the duodenal bulb.Methods The clinical data of 3 patients who were admitted to the Binzhou People＆#39;s Hospital and 9 patients who were admitted to the Tianjin People＆#39;s Hospital from January 2006 to December 2013 with ectopic opening of the common bile duct in the duodenal bulb were retrospectively analyzed.Seven patients had choledocholithiasis and 5 had stenosis at the end of common bile duct.The medical histories and clinical features in patients were analyzed and routine blood test and serum liver function test were done.All the patients received the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） examination and were cured.All the patients were followed up via outpatient examination and telephone interview up to August 2014.Results Six patients had histories of cholangitis recurrence and 2 had histories of duodenal ulcer recurrence.All the patients had pain in the right hypochondriac region of the abdomen.Seven patients had fever,chills,skin yellowing sclera and tenderness in the right hypochondriac region of the abdomen.The levels of alkaline phosphatase （ALP） and glutamyltranspeptidase （GGT） in 11 patients,the levels of TBil and DBil in 8 patients and the count of WBC in 7 patients were increased.（1） The results of ERCP showed as follows：there was no papillar opening at the second and third segment of duodenum.The crack-like opening located at the duodenal post-bulb with rough and erosive mucosal surfaces and intermittent outflow of bile.Duodenal ulcer was detected in 5 patients and duodenal bulb metamorphosis in 3 patients.All the 12 patients received successfully intubations.（2）The results of retrograde cholangiography showed as follows：the end of common bile duct of 12 patients was taper and sickle-shaped.Intra-and extrahepatic bile duct dilation was detected in 10 patients,choledocholithiasis in 7 patients and clear findings for the pancreatic duct in 5 patients.Among the 12 patients,8 received balloon dilation （5 with stenosis at the end of common bile duct,3 with choledocholithiasis）,3 received laparoscopic common bile duct exploration （LCBDE） combined with cholangioenterostomy due to diameter of stone more than 1.5 cm and ectopic opening stenosis of the common bile duct in the duodenal bulb.One patient was treated by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography （PTC） lithotomy of common bile duct after unsuccessful ERCP without bleeding and pancreatitis-related complications.The symptoms of cholangitis in 3 patients were alleviated after balloon dilation,2 patients had recurrence of cholangitis and were cured by Roux-en-Y cholangioenterostomy.The mean open surgery time and mean duration of postoperative hospital stay in 5 patients were 85 minutes （range,60-150 minutes） and 10 days （range,8-14 days）,respectively.All the 12 patients were followed up with a median time of 38 months （range,8-90 months）.During the follow-up,10 patients survived well without recurrence of cholangitis and cholelithiasis.Two patients had recurrence of cholangitis at postoperative month 2 and month 14,including 1 patient with the recurrence of common bile duct sand-like stones,and they were readmitted to hospital and treated by Roux-en-Y cholangioenterostomy without recurrence by follow-up.Conclusions The clinical symptoms of ectopic opening of the common bile duct in the duodenal bulb included recurrence of cholangitis,duodenal ulcer history,pain in the right hypochondriac region of the abdomen,skin yellowing sclera,abnormal liver function,crack-like openings in the duodenal bulb by ERCP examination with outflow of bile,cholangiography-guided taper and sickle-shaped end of common bile duct.The treatment should be aimed at the concomitant diseases.