2011-2013年福州市乙型肝炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of hepatitis B from 2011 to 2013 in Fuzhou city

目的分析2011-2013年福州市乙型病毒性肝炎（乙肝）的流行病学特征,为制订乙肝预防控制措施和策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对2011-2013年福州市乙肝疫情资料进行流行病学分析,探讨影响乙肝流行的因素。结果 2011-2013年福州市共报告乙肝病例42 896例,年均发病率为215.69/10万。2011-2013年乙肝发病率分别为239.86/10万、208.07/10万、203.52/10万,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=254.926,P〈0.05）。每年1-3月份为乙肝发病高峰。各县（市）区均有病例报告,市区乙肝发病率普遍高于县（市）,存在地区分布不均衡的特征。男女发病率分别为285.42/10万和133.53/10万,男性显著高发,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=1 655.635,P〈0.05）。乙肝发病人群主要为家务及待业和农民,发病年龄主要集中在20-50岁。结论福州市乙肝发病率呈现下降趋势,但仍处于较高水平,应在加强新生儿、适龄儿童乙肝疫苗接种工作的基础上,继续扩大疫苗免疫范围,同时加强乙肝预防和疫苗接种宣传教育。

Objective To analysis the epidemiological characteristics of HBV in Fuzhou city from 2011 to 2013, and provide the scientific reference for the prevention and control. Method The incidence data of HBV in Fuzhou from 2011 to 2013 was analyzed statistically by using the descriptive epidemiology. The influencing factors of HBV epidemic characteristics in Fuzhou were in-depth explored. Results The average annual incidence of HBV from 2011 to 2013 was 215.69 per 100 000. There was the significant difference among three years（χ^2=254.926, P〈 0.05）. The incidence peak was from January to March for each year. Cases were reported in all counties / cities, and the incidence rates of the cities were higher than the counties. Men had a higher morbidity rate than women（χ^2=1 655.635, P〈0.05）. Most of these cases were age from 20 to 50 years old. The profession distribution was mainly occurred in houseworkers and farmers. Conclusion The incidence rate of HBV in Fuzhou had a declining trend, but still at high levels, so it was necessary to strengthen the vaccination work. And HBV vaccination and prevention propaganda should be strengthened.