2011-2013年揭阳市麻疹疫情流行病学特征及监测状况评价分析

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak and evaluation on the operation condition of measles surveillance system in Jieyang city from 2011 to 2013

目的分析揭阳市2011-2013年麻疹病例流行病学特征,评价麻疹监测系统运转状况,为进一步防控麻疹疫情提供科学依据。方法汇总揭阳市各县（市、区）上报的2011-2013年麻疹病例监测数据,采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对3年的麻疹病例流行病学特征和免疫学结果进行统计分析,评价监测系统运转的各项指标。结果 2011-2013年揭阳市共报告167例麻疹病例,其中实验室诊断病例155例,临床诊断病例12例,排除病例发病率分别为0.29/10万、2.57/10万和2.18/10万,无死亡病例,无暴发疫情发生,发病时间集中在6-8月,发病人群以8个月-14岁年龄组和无麻疹成分疫苗免疫史或免疫史不详为主。近3年揭阳市麻疹监测系统运转指标逐年提高,2012-2013年监测系统及时性和特异性指标均超过90%。结论揭阳市部分地区常规免疫工作仍存在薄弱环节,应强化常规免疫基础,适时开展查漏补种,做好疫点应急接种,不断提高监测系统的敏感性。

Objective To provide scientific basis for further prevention and control of measles outbreak by means of analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak and evaluating the operation condition of measles surveillance system（MSS） in Jieyang city from 2011 to 2013. Methods Reported data of measles cases surveillance in all counties / districts of Jieyang city from 2011 to 2013 was collected and analyzed via descriptive epidemiology. Statistical analysis was conducted on the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak and the results of immunology for the mentioned three years. Each indice of the running condition of MSS was evaluated. Results A total number of 167 measles cases（155 cases in laboratory diagnosis and 12 cases in clinical diagnosis） were reported in Jieyang from 2011 to 2013. The data showed that the incidence rate of exclude cases were 0.29 per 100 000, 2.57 per 100 000 and 2.18 per 100 000, respectively. No death case and epidemic outbreak. The onset of measles mainly took place during June to August, and the main affected people were the age groups between 8-month old to 14 years old and people with no measles immunization or immunization unclear. There was a steady improvement of the operation condition indice in Jieyang for the recent three years. Both indices on Timeliness and Specificity of MSS were over 90% in 2012 and 2013. Conclusion Weaknesses still exist in regular work of immunization.Therefore, more work should be taken to strengthen the regular basis of immunization, to conduct timely catch-up vaccination and to keep improving the sensitivity of MSS.