腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶参与调控物质代谢及多种病理反应的分子机制

Molecular Mechanism of Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase in Metabolism and Various Pathological Reactions

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)在真核细胞生物中广泛存在,属于丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,是一个参与许多细胞信号传导通路的关键蛋白,也是调节细胞能量代谢的开关,故有细胞能量调节器之称。各种导致细胞内AMP/ATP比值升高的因素均可引起AMPK活化。AMPK活化是抑制消耗ATP的合成代谢并启动生成ATP的分解代谢的过程,从而维持机体能量代谢平衡。AMPK不仅在糖脂代谢和心血管、呼吸系统、生殖系统、泌尿系统等病理反应中具有重要作用,而且在人类恶性肿瘤中也扮演着重要角色,对肿瘤细胞的增殖、生长、侵袭和转移具有复杂的调控作用。我们简要综述AMPK的生物学特性及其参与调控多种病理反应的作用机制。

Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase （AMPK） exists widely in eukaryotic organisms, which belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase and is involved in many cellular signal transduction pathways. It is also a switch to regulate cell energy metabolism, therefore, it is called cellular energy regulator. Various factors that increasing the intracellular AMP/ATP ratio can activate AMPK, which subsequently inhibits ATP synthesis processes and initiates ATP catabolism processes, and thus maintains the balance of energy metabolism. AMPK plays an important role not only in metabolism, cardiovascular, respiratory system, reproductive system, and urinary system pathological reactions, but also in tumor cell proliferation, growth, invasion and metastasis. In this paper, we mainly focus on the biological characteristics of AMPK and its role in regulating various pathological reactions.