马克思的政治异化思想及其逻辑进路

Marx's Thought of Political Alienation and Its Logical Approach

在《黑格尔法哲学批判》一书中,马克思通过对费尔巴哈类概念的改造,把家庭、市民社会和国家统一于个人的社会特质,并把市民社会称之为物质国家,把政治国家称之为形式国家,两者的统一是真正的民主制,两者的分离则是政治异化。现代社会存在的政治国家和市民社会相分离的现象就是政治异化的产物,两者相分离的原因就在于市民社会的私有财产制度,马克思因此需要到政治经济学中去探索扬弃私有制的现实道路,政治异化由此发展到异化劳动。这样,马克思在"政治国家→市民社会→异化劳动"的探索过程中,为唯物史观的确立奠定了基础。

In the ＂ Critique of Hegelian Philosophy of Law＂, Marx unites the family, civil society and state into personal social characteristics, and he calls the civil society as substance state, the political state as the form of state. The unity of the two is true democracy, the separation of them is political alienation. The separation of political state and civil society in modern society is the.resuh of the political alienation which is causeed by the private property. Marx therefore needs to explore the realistic way of sublation of private property in politi- cal economics and political alienation which develops to the alienation of labor. Thus, Marx＇s early exploration process unfolds as ＂political state --＊civil soeiety--~alienated labor＂ , and lays a foundation for historical mate- rialism.