性别表演视域下“蛇蝎美人”的“堕落”

Performativity and the “Degeneration” of the “Femme Fatale” in Film Noir

身份不是本体论上的存在,而是一种意指实践,且身份的建构与社会文化话语密切相关。而在以幽闭且缺乏道德支撑为主要基调的黑色电影中,既有价值观被悬置,为"蛇蝎美人"的身份建构提供了多种可能。通过对经典黑色电影《双重赔偿》与新黑色电影《本能》中的"蛇蝎美人"在人物塑造与视觉呈现方面的对比分析,可以发现在前者中,"蛇蝎美人"是作为象征秩序的颠覆力量而存在,而随着后现代媒体性话语的泛滥,新黑色电影中的"蛇蝎美人"则成为"物化"的、男性凝视下的性表演者,进而被男权社会话语体系同化,失去了原有的颠覆力量。

Postmodern philosopher Judith Butler views identity as a signifying practice rather than an ontological being and thinks that identity construction is closely related to social cultural discourse.In the film noir which is characterized by claustrophobia and destabalized morality,the suspension of existing values provides various possibilities for identity construction of＂Femme Fatale＂.A comparative analysis of the femme fatale in Double Indemnityand Basic Instinct,in terms of themes,plot and visual representation,reveals that in the shift from implicit representation of sex to explicit one,the fatal figure in postmodern films has unwittingly been＂objectified＂as the sexual performer under the male gaze and been assimilated by the patriarchal social discourse,thus losing her original subversive power.