民国时期国民政府赈灾应对措施与政府角色转换研究

Research of the Disaster Relief Measures and Government Role Transformation during the Republican Period

民国时期（1912～1949年）虽然只有38年，但天灾人祸频仍不断，真可谓十年九荒，其中水旱灾害影响最重。面对灾荒民国政府采取相应策略予以应对，成立了相关赈灾机构，颁布灾荒政策，采取具体赈灾措施。尽管由于战争及政策具体实施时存在一些弊病，影响赈灾效果，但是国民政府应对灾荒采取的政策措施在赈灾过程中发挥了重要的主导作用，有效彰显政府的责任意识，成功呈现其政府角色的有效转换，其中，亦反映国家认同与民族心理认同之历程。

The Republic of China （ 1912 - 1949 ）, though lasting only thirty years, was constantly stricken by natural disasters and man - made calamities, the so - called ＂impoverished 9 years of 10＂, among which the flood was the most serious. In the face of famine, the Republican government took corresponding strategies to deal with it. The relevant relief organizations were es- tablished, policies during the Disaster Time promulgated, and specific disaster relief measures adopted. Despite the unsatisfacto- ry relief effect, affected by the war and the disadvantages in policy implementation, the leading role the Republican government acted had been manifested. It presents an image of government with sense of responsibilities and a successful transformation of the government role. It also reflects the process of state identity and national psychological identification.