“绝地天通”与巫史分职

Disconnection of Heaven from Earth and Separation Wizard and Historian

重、黎"绝地天通"并不是民政与宗教职务的分开,而是远古神职人员的一种内部职责分工,而后又发展为巫、史的职能分工。而这种分工又与早期巫师的人神交流方式有关,初期巫师的人神交流主要通过神灵附体来实现,因此,黎的职责更多地是对巫的神秘语言的解读。但随着文字的诞生以及巫的人神交流更多地通过占卜来完成,黎的职能由此转化为史官的职能。殷商时期一个完整的卜辞体现了巫、史职能的完美结合。但由于周革殷命,中国古代思想史的发展路线转向了道德的方向,阻塞和中断了原始宗教向成熟宗教的演进。这一转向导致了巫、史职能的最终分离。

Disconnection of Heaven from Earth is not the separation secular matters and religious ones, but is an internal division of responsibilities of ancient clergies, and later developed into division of labor of wizard and historian. This division of labor has a bearing on the means of communion between man and God used by the early clergies. The early clergies achieved the communion between man and God by possession by God. Therefore, Li was responsible for interpreting mystical language of wizard. The wizard achieved the communion between man and God by augury after words were born. Li＇s functions were converted to historian＇s functions. A whole oracle meant a perfect combination of wizard＇s functions and historian＇s functions in the Shang Dynasty. However, the history of ancient Chinese thought turned to the moral direction, blocking and interrupting the evolution of primitive religion to mature religion because the Shang Dynasty was overthrew by Zhou Dynasty, which led to a final separation of wizard＇s functions and historian＇s functions.