全印联邦:英国实施印度宪政改革的一贯目标

All-India Federation:The Consistent Goal of Indian Constitutional Reforms Implemented by the UK

19世纪60年代,英国开始在英属印度推行宪政改革,增加总督参事会中印度人成员的名额。在第一次世界大战后,英印宪政改革则与印度问题的最终解决即权力移交问题联系起来。英国的政治精英认为,将政权移交给一个统一的印度政府可以在最大限度内维护英国在印度的政治利益、经济利益和战略利益。1918年《蒙塔古-蔡姆斯福德报告》提出由英属印度和印度土邦组成全印联邦的设想,此后的宪政改革努力如《西蒙委员会报告》、圆桌会议、《1935年印度政府法》、内阁使团方案一再重申并不断完善联邦方案,以便在和平统一的基础上移交权力。

The UK begun to implement constitutional reforms in the British India in the 1860 s,increasing Indian members in the Viceroy Council.After World War I,the British government linked the constitutional reforms with the final solution of Indian Problem also called the problem of the transfer of power.British political,economic and strategic interests would be maintained to the most extent if the power be transferred to a unified Indian government.The Montagu-Chelmsford Report（1918）put forward an idea of the All-India Federation including the British India and the Indian Princely States.Thereafter,the British government made great efforts for constitutional reforms,for example,the Simon Committee Report,the Round Table Conferences,the Government of India Act in 1935,the Cabinet Mission Plan restated to perfect the federal scheme,so as to transfer the power on the basis of peaceful reunification.