童话中的道德隐喻与儿童道德教育——以“彩虹鱼”故事为例

Moral Metaphor in Children Stories and Children Moral Education——Exemplification with The Rainbow Fish

童话因其普遍存在的道德立场和隐喻叙事可以作为儿童道德教化的重要形式。然而当代儿童道德叙事对童话中的道德隐喻缺乏深入省察,这可能比低效或无效的道德教育更有害。以"彩虹鱼"故事为例,它作为"分享"主题的童话影响深远,但本故事所隐含的群体与个人之道德关系表明这是一种"伪分享"。在分享的名义之下隐藏着自私、掠夺与平庸,显示出群体道德的可疑与危险。"彩虹鱼"故事揭示了人性中相通的东西,具有打动人心的文学品质,这是一个好故事,但不是一个关于分享的好故事。错误地解读这一故事不但无益于真正的分享品质的培养,还会破坏儿童的同情心与正义感。借助童话故事对儿童进行德性教化应有审慎的态度。

Children stories can serve as important means of children moral education for their universal moral position and metaphorical narration. However,current children moral narration lacks critical examination of moral metaphor in children stories,which is even worse than low-efficient and inefficient moral education.Take the story ＂The Rainbow Fish＂for example. The story has a profound influence as a ＂share theme＂children story. However,the moral relationship between group and individual demonstrates it is a ＂pseudo-share＂,under whose name are hidden selfishness,plunder and mediocricy,that is,doubtful and hazardous moral. Honestly,the story reveals something universal in human personality and is of striking literary quality as a good story,but it is not a good story of share. A misinterpretation of the story doesn＇t help to develop the quality of share,and even worse,it may mislead children＇s sympathy and consciousness of justice.