马来西亚国族建构研究

A RESEARCH ON BUILDING OF THE MALAYSIAN NATION

马来西亚的国族建构建立在特定的历史基础之上。英国的殖民统治不仅造成马来西亚多元社会的形成,"分而治之"的殖民统治也给马来西亚带来了族群差异和族群矛盾。在独立建国的过程中,三大族群围绕一系列重大问题进行博弈并达成一致,最终赢得了国家独立,为国族的建构奠定了基础。独立后的马来西亚在国族建构的途径上存在马来民族主义和文化多元主义之争,但马来民族主义始终占了上风。马来西亚国族建构实践可分为三个阶段。马来西亚的国族建构,虽然取得了一定的成功,但国族建构依然任重而道远。

The building of Malaysian nation underwent in specific historical context, e. g. the British colonial rule not only brought a plural society to Malaysia, but the British divisionary policies also led to dis- tinction and potential friction among ethnic groups in Malaya. During the process of national independence, three major ethnic groups bargained over a number of key issues and arrived at a consensus finally. The in- dependence of Malaya laid a foundation for nation building. After independence, there were two approaches for nation building： Malayan nationalism and cultural pluralism. During the process of competing, Malayan nationalism achieved a dominating position all along. The practice of Malaysian nation building can be di- vided into three periods. Although it has achieved certain success, there is still a long way to go.