刑事过失责任与不作为犯论——以刑法上的制造物过失相关事例为中心

On the Criminal Negligence Liability and Unterlassungsdelikte:with Cases of Product Negligence of Criminal Law as A Center

由于受到了德国联邦普通法院的皮革喷雾器事件以及该国学说的强烈影响,最近日本刑法学界也认为在过失犯的领域里存在有"过失的不真正不作为犯"这一形态,把其作为产品流通阶段的不作为形态的过失之一来予以把握。鉴于此,对不作为形态的过失的问题类型进行整理分类,并以日本判例实务中具有代表性的制造物过失事例为基础,探讨不作为形态的过失的处理方法,指出在与过失构造论的关系上,把不作为形态的过失作为纯粹的过失犯来进行理论展开。同时,日本判例实务中至少最高裁判所所展开的也是纯粹的过失犯论。

Influenced by the case of leather sprayer sentenced by Bundesgerichtshof in Germany and German law school, main thoughts among criminal law scholars in Japan are that negligent impure unterlassungsdelikte does exist in the domain of unterlassungsdelikte and it should be taken as an omission negligence in product circulation process. Taking that into consideration, this paper first categorizes the issues of omission negligence, then discusses the solutions to omission crime based on the representative product negligence cases in Japan, and finally points out the theoretical possibility of taking negligent omission as pure unterlassungsdelikte. That is at least true to the sentence practice of Supreme Court of Japan.