基于TiVA数据库的中国出口贸易增加值研究

Research on Value Added of China's Exports——Based on Ti VA Database

利用世界投入产出表和Ti VA数据库,发现1995-2009年中国出口产品的国内增加值在下降,国外增加值在提高,但近年来国内增加值有回升态势。对中国出口产品所蕴含的国内部门的直接增加值、国内部门的间接增加值、进口投入品中的国内增加值以及国外部门的增加值进行了分解,并以中国电气和光学设备制造业为例,对其全球价值链进行解构分析,发现国内外很多部门都对中国电气和光学设备的出口贡献了增加值,服务业部门的贡献率不容忽视。中国制造业应当加强自主研发,不断提高出口产品的国内增加值,大力推动国内服务业的发展,更好地支持制造业参与全球价值链分工。

Using world input-output tables and TiVA database,the domestic value added of China’s exports is found to be declining from 1995 to 2009,while the foreign value added increasing.In recent years,the domestic added value of Chinese exports is picking up.This paper decomposes respectively the direct and indirect values added of domestic departments which are embodied in exports,as well as the domestic and foreign added value embodied in imported inputs.This paper takes for an example the manufacturing industry of China’s electrical and optical equipment,carefully examines,through decomposition its global value chain and discovers,that many domestic and foreign sectors have contributed value added to this final product especially the domestic service sectors.Suggestions are made that China＇s manufacturing sectors should strengthen the self innovation and R＆D input,continually improve the domestic value added of exports.Chinese government should also strongly promote the development of service sectors and support the manufacturing sectors to participate in the specialization of global value chain.