不同放松训练对中长跑运动员竞赛状态焦虑的效果

Effects of different relaxation training on the competition state anxiety of middle-and long-distance athletes

选取中长跑1 500米、5 000米、10 000米3个小项的18名运动员为研究对象,分为自生放松组、腹式呼吸组和对照组,经过3周的放松训练,考察放松训练对运动状态焦虑的影响。结果表明:不同性别的运动员在认知焦虑、躯体焦虑和状态自信心3个维度上没有显著地差异,但是10 000米运动员的认知焦虑明显高于1 500米运动员,10 000米和5 000米运动员的躯体焦虑均显著高于1 500米运动员。健将级运动员的认知焦虑显著低于二级运动员。腹式呼吸和自生放松训练对运动员的认知焦虑和状态自信心具有显著的调节作用,其中腹式呼吸对于缓解运动员的认知焦虑具有最佳的效果;自生放松训练对于提高运动员的自信心具有更大的优势。

This study selected 18 athletes of 1500 m,5000 m and 10000 m events as the research objects,and divided them into autogenic relaxation group,abdominal breathing group and the control group. After 3 weeks of relaxation training,we explored the effect of relaxation training on state anxiety. The results showed that there were no significant differences between different gender in the cognitive anxiety,somatic anxiety and state self - confidence. The cognitive anxiety of athletes in 10000 m was significantly higher than those in 1500 m. On somatic anxiety,athletes of 10000 m and 5000 m was significantly higher than those of 1500 m. Master-level athletesˊcognitive anxiety was below than the second-level athletes. Abdominal breathing and autogenic relaxation regulated athletesˊcognitive state anxiety and self-confidence effectively. Abdominal breathing was the most effective in reducing cognitive anxiety,and autogenic relaxation had more advantages in improving the athletesˊconfidence.