基于多水平模型评估广西贵港居民尿镉水平及其影响因素

A Multilevel Model to Analyze Urine Cadmium Level of Residents and its Influencing Factors in Guigang,Guangxi

目的了解广西贵港市城乡居民的尿镉水平及其影响因素,为评估城乡一般人群慢性镉暴露现状提供参考依据。方法采用二阶段整群抽样方法选择贵港市10个城乡社区1 035名≥20岁的居民作为研究对象,运用多水平模型分析尿镉水平的影响因素及其在区域间的变异情况。结果 1 035名居民尿镉几何均数为0.18μg/g肌酐（95%CI：0.17~0.19μg/g肌酐）,其中男性和女性几何均数分别为0.13μg/g肌酐（95%CI：0.12~0.15μg/g肌酐）和0.2μg/g肌酐（95%CI：0.18~0.21μg/g肌酐）。与不吸烟者相比,男性居民吸烟指数〉25包年可使尿镉水平增加50%（95%CI：1.16~1.94）,女性饮食以植物油为主者比非植物油为主者尿镉水平增加38%（95%CI：1.06~1.78）。此外,居民尿镉水平存在城郊高于农村和城区的区域差异。结论广西贵港市城乡居民慢性镉暴露处于低位水平,尿镉水平的影响因素即存在性别差异,亦存在城乡区域差异。

Objectives To evaluate the urine cadmium （UCd） level of residents and the influencing factors in Guigang, for the profile of chronic Cd exposure in urban and rural population. Methods A total of 1 035 residents aged ≥20 years were enrolled by a two stage cluster sampling method from 10 communities in Guigang. A multilevel model was used to examine the geographic distribution of UCd levels and influencing factors. Results The geometric mean of UCd for all participants was 0. 18 Ixg/g creatinine （95% CI： 0. 17 ~ 0. 19 μg/g ereatinine） , and for man and women was 0. 13 μg/g creatinine （95% CI： 0. 12 - 0. 15 μg/g creatinine） , and 0.2 μg/g creatinine （95% CI： 0. 18 -0. 21 μg/g creatinine） respectively. Comparing with non-smokers, the UCd level of male smokers with a smoking index 〉 25 pack-years was 50% higher （95% CI： 1.16 ~ 1.94）. Comparing with the women who had more animal fat in diet, the concentrations of UCd was 38% higher （95% CI： 1.06 - 1.78） in women who had more vegetable oil in diet. In addition, there was a regional difference of UCd levels among urban and rural residents, the levels of UCd in suburban residents were higher than that in rural and urban residents. Conclusions The level of chronic Cd exposure was low in urban and rural residents of Guigang, gender and urban-rural regional differences for UCd levels were observed.