江苏省城市幼儿社会性和情绪发展现况及影响因素研究

Study on urban toddlers' social and emotional development and its impact factors in Jiangsu province

目的了解江苏省城市幼儿社会性和情绪发展现状及影响因素,为促进幼儿心理健康发展提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,选择南京、镇江、南通、盐城、宿迁作为调查现场,应用中国幼儿社会情绪发展量表及自拟的社会人口学问卷对幼儿社会性和情绪发展及相关因素进行调查。结果 3 083名幼儿中,男童和女童在外显行为域、内隐行为域、能力域得分无显著性差别,失调域男童得分高于女童（F=4.170,P=0.040）。外显行为域和能力域在不同年龄之间差异有统计学意义（F=2.833,P=0.037;F=20.540,P=0.000）。多重线性回归分析显示父母文化程度、父母养育方式、家庭月收入、母产后精神状态、0～6个月喂养方式、胎教和早教对中国幼儿社会性和情绪发展问题影响差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论幼儿社会性和情绪发展受家庭环境和社会环境等众多因素的影响,应制定相应的早期干预措施指导其健康发展。

Objective To study the traits of toddlers＇ social and emotional development in Jiangsu province and explore influencing factors. Method Toddlers aged 12～36months old and from Nanjing,Zhenjiang,Nantong,Yancheng and Suqian were selected using a cluster random sampling method,their attendants filled Infant Toddler Social and Emotion Assessment（ITSEA）and related factors of infant toddler development questionnaires. Results In the number of 3 083 children,there were no significant differences between male and female in externalizing scales,internalizing scales,competence scales,but boys had higher scores than girls in deregulation scales（F=4.170,P=0.040）.There was significant difference between different ages in externalizing scales and competence scales（F=2.833,P=0.037;F=20.540,P=0.000）.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that parents＇ education level,parenting style,family monthly income,postpartum mental state,feeding patterns and antenatal training affect toddlers＇ social and emotional development（P〈0.05）. Conclusion There are many factors which influence toddlers＇ social and emotional development,it should be in agenda to set up early intervention measures to access toddlers＇ social and emotional development.