家庭功能、居住模式变迁与中老年人生活幸福感——基于中国综合社会调查(2006)的经验分析

Family Function, the Change of Living Mode and Happiness of the Wrinkly and the Elderly——Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS(2006)

在我国人口老龄化程度逐步加深的背景下,提升中老年人生活幸福感是实现国民幸福的题中之义。我国居民家庭的居住模式正在发生深刻变化,父母与成年子女分开居住越来越普遍。在亲子分开居住情况下,子女对父母的经济支持和情感交流影响中老年人幸福感。同时,子女住处距离远近以及亲子间联系频率也会对中老年人幸福感产生影响。我们利用中国综合社会调查(2006)数据和有序probit模型进行的经验研究发现,子女对父母的经济支持和情感交流的频率越低,父母幸福感越差,但经济支持的影响并不显著,而情感交流的影响则是显著的;非同住子女居住距离越远,父母幸福感反而越强,而联系的频率越低,幸福感越弱,然而面对面联系频率的影响不显著,而非面对面联系频率的影响则是显著的。因此,除了对中老年人提供必要的经济支持外,亲子间情感交流对中老年人幸福感更为重要。中老年人越来越能够接受亲子非合住的居住模式,在非合住而面对面联系不便时,子女增加非面对面联系频率也可以有效地提升中老年人幸福感。

With the degree of the population aging deepened the number of china＇s elderly population is growing. So pro- moting the happiness of the wrinkly and the elderly is very important. The living mode of family is changing greatly, that is, many young people don＇t choose to live with their parents. The change of living mode has an effect on the happiness the wrinkly and the elderly through impacting finical support and emotional communication from sons and daughters to their par- ents. Also, when sons and daughters live separately with their parents, the distance and communication frequency between them also impact patents＇ happiness. Based on data from China General Social Survey （2006）, using Ordered Probit model, we find that the effect of finical support and communication frequency is positive, which is separately not significant and signifi- cant. The distance has a significant positive effect on parents＇ happiness, which is significant. The positive effect of communi- cation frequency in the way of face to face on parents＇ happiness is not significant; however, the positive effect of communi- cation frequency in other ways is significant. We learn from above results is that besides necessary finical support, emotional communication is more important for parents＇ happiness. Also, parents are more and more willing to choose to live separately with their children. When this indeed happened, increasing communication frequency is helpful for parents＇ happiness.