桃花源记:一部未竟的仙乡淹留小说

Peach Blossom Spring: An Uncompleted Novel of Fairyland and Long Staying

由于受到西方文体概念的影响,我国历代许多学者把《桃花源记》当做文笔洗练的古典散文来欣赏。桃花源也成为众多文人士子向往的理想之地。但仔细考证,《桃花源记》的文体特征与当时广泛流传的仙乡淹留小说极为相似,诸多内容来自当时的神仙志怪小说和道家的神仙洞天小说。将《桃花源记》归入仙乡淹留小说更符合中国人的审美认知习惯。再考察作者和道家思想的关系,我们可以发现陶渊明笃信儒家义理,内心排斥道释等玄学。《桃花源记》当是陶渊明虚构出抒发其政治理想的作品,在故事情节处理上有不完整的地方。

Influenced by the Western style concept,many scholars regard the novel Peach Blossom Spring a graceful classical prose. The Peach Garden becomes the ideal of many scholars. But the strict research proves that the stylistic feature of the Peach Blossom Spring is similar with the then popular novel of fairyland and staying for a long time. The novel borrowed a lot from that of the fairy mystery and the fairy cave. It is in accordance with the Chinese aesthetic cognition to appreciate the novel as that of a fairyland and staying for a long time. The relationship of the author and Taoism shows that Tao Yuanming was a devout believer of Confucianism and rejected the metaphysics. Peach Blossom Spring expressed the author’s political ideals,it is incomplete in its plot.