缓释肥和复合肥对火力楠容器苗的影响

Effects of slow-release fertilizer and compound fertilizer on container seedlings of Michelia macclurei Dandy

【目的】探索培育火力楠容器苗最适宜的肥料类型和施用水平,为培育火力楠优质健壮容器苗提供技术参考。【方法】采用田间随机区组试验设计,用纯黄心土作为育苗基质,按添加不同水平(0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%)的缓释肥和施用不同水平(0.3%、0.5%、0.7%和0.9%)的复合肥设不同处理,纯黄心土基质为对照(CK),测定分析不同处理火力楠容器苗的苗高、地径、叶绿素相对含量、生物量和保存率等指标,并用主成分分析方法综合评价苗木质量。【结果】添加缓释肥和施用复合肥的处理均能促进火力楠苗高、地径、叶绿素相对含量的增加和有利于生物量的积累,且添加缓释肥的处理均优于施用复合肥处理;在添加缓释肥水平为0.6%以下时,火力楠苗高、地径、相对叶绿素含量和生物量积累随着肥量的增加而增加,但超过0.6%以后,随着肥量的增加反而下降;添加缓释肥和施用复合肥不能提高火力楠苗木的保存率。综合评价苗木质量,表现最好的是处理3(缓释肥水平0.6%),总体来说,缓释肥处理和复合肥处理均优于CK,缓释肥处理更优于复合肥处理。【结论】火力楠容器苗培育时建议采用在基质中添加0.6%缓释肥。

[Objective ]The most suitable fertilizers and the application levels for container seedlings of Michelia macclurei Dandy were explored to provide technical support for cultivation of high-quality seedlings of the species. [ Method ] The experiments were designed as randomized blocks, with matrix consisted of pure yellow subsoil as the control,and the treatments were pure yellow subsoil supplementing with slow-release fertilizers （SRF） at levels of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%, or with compound fertilizer （CF） at levels of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% and 0.9%. Height, basal diameter,chlorophyll content,biomass and survival rate of the seedlings were measured to evaluate the quality of seedlings through Principal Component Analysis （PCA）. [ Result ] Both SRF and CF could promote seedling growth in height, basal diameter, relative chlorophyll content and biomass increments, and the effects of SRF were better than those of CF. When SRF were given from little to more, the above growth indicators increased continuously until SRF reached 0.6% ,while the growth reduced along with more SRF being added. The fertilizers could not increase survival rate of the seedlings. A comprehensive assessment of seedling quality revealed that treatment 3 （SRF 0.6%） performed best. Generally speaking, treatments adding SRF or CF grew better than the control, and SRF applications were superior to CF treatments. [ Conclusion ]For the cultivation of M. macclurei container seedlings, application of 0.6% SRF in the substrate is strongly recommended.