职业伤害干预措施的研究概况

Overview of Studies on Occupational Injury Intervention Strategies

职业伤害是指劳动者在从事职业活动时导致的伤害和疾病,其对劳动者健康的影响日趋突出,现已成为发展中国家的主要公共卫生问题之一。因此探讨科学可行的职业伤害干预措施,对降低职业伤害发生率和保障劳动者的职业安全非常重要。本文从工程干预、管理干预、个人干预和综合干预这几方面对职业伤害的干预措施进行了概括。在选择合适有效的干预措施时,各级单位和个人要充分了解职业伤害的概况,相关国家标准法规,不同干预方法的特点及干预措施的评价效果。职业伤害干预措施的有效实施,需要企业、劳动者和政府的共同努力。

Docupational injury refers to the injury or disease happened in workplace. Since occupational injury continues to exact a great toll on workers,it has become one of the leading public health problems in developing countries. Thus,in order to lower the incidence of occupational injury and safeguard human health,this study probed into some feasible occupational injury interventions. Strategies for occupational injury intervention mainly focusing on engineering interventions,administrative interventions,personal interventions,and multiple interventions are summarized here. When choosing effective occupational injury intervention,the following should be taken into consideration： the characteristics of different occupational injuries,the relative standard and regulations,the features of different interventions,and the evaluations of interventions. The effective implementation of interventions requires joint efforts of employees,employers,and governments.