8种叶面喷剂对小麦产量及籽粒灌浆特性的影响

Effects of 8 kinds of Foliar Sprays on Wheat Yield and Grain Filling Characteristics

针对河北低平原区小麦生育后期干热风频发对小麦生产造成严重为害的问题,采用化学防御措施,在灌浆初期（5月17日）和灌浆中期（5月22日）进行2次叶面喷剂喷施处理,以不喷施为对照（CK）,研究了不同喷剂种类（0.1%醋酸溶液、0.1%黄腐酸溶液、0.2%磷酸二氢钾溶液、1%尿素＋0.2%磷酸二氢钾溶液、2%蔗糖溶液、0.05%硫酸锌溶液、清水、3.5 mg/L吲哚乙酸溶液）对小麦叶片SPAD值、籽粒灌浆特性、产量性状和产量的影响。结果表明：叶面喷剂处理不同程度地增加了小麦粒重和穗粒数,提高小麦产量,但不同喷剂种类的增产效果不同,喷施8种叶面喷剂的小麦增产率为3.96%～18.94%,其中,喷施0.1%黄腐酸溶液、0.1%醋酸溶液、1%尿素＋0.2%磷酸二氢钾溶液、0.05%硫酸锌溶液和2%蔗糖溶液小麦增产效果十分显著;用Logistic模型描述籽粒灌浆进程（决定系数均达0.99以上）显示,叶面喷剂处理延长了到达第一拐点和第二拐点的时间以及达到最大灌浆速率的时间,使粒重增加的主要原因是延长了快速灌浆的持效期;从光合机理的角度看,叶面喷剂处理提高了灌浆后期叶片的SPAD值,延缓了叶片衰老,是光合产物增加、粒重提高的源基础。喷施叶面喷剂对提高小麦产量、增强小麦后期抗干热风的能力作用明显,是抵御干热风的一项有效措施。

In order to relieve the damages of dry hot wind in late growth stage on wheat production in the Hebei low plain area,the chemical defensive measures of carring out 2 times of spraying treatments in early filling stage（ May17th） and the middle filling stage（ May 22nd） were studied. The spraying treatments were 0. 1% acetic acid,0. 1% fulvic acid solution, 0. 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 1% urea ＋ 0. 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution,2% sucrose solution,0. 05% zinc sulfate solution, water,3. 5 mg / L indole acetic acid solution,CK was no spraying. The effects of d ifferent sprays on wheat grain filling process,the leaf SPAD value,yield and yield characters were analyzed in this study. The results showed that foliar spray treatmentsincreased the grain weight, grain number per ear and yield. The degree of wheat yield with different types foliar sprays were higher by 3. 96%- 18. 94%than CK, among of them, the yield increasing effect were very remarkable with spraying 0. 1%fulvic acid solution, 0. 1% acetic acid solution,1% urea ＋ 0. 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 0. 05% zinc sulfate solution and 2%sucrose solution. The grain filling process was described by Logistic model,and the coefficient ofdetermination was above 0. 99. Foliar spray prolonged the time of the first and the second inflection point of treatment and grain filling stage,which caused to increase the grain weight. The SPAD value of leaf at late grain filling stage was increased and leaf senescence was delayed after treatment with foliar spray, at the same time, the photosynthetic product, the yield and grain weight were increased. Therefore, the foliar sprays are an effective way to strengthen resistance ability to dry hot wind and increase wheat yield.