不同砧木嫁接对番茄生长发育 产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Rootstocks Grafting on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Tomato

以砧抗1号、科砧1号、科砧2号和科砧3号为砧木,以金棚8号为接穗进行嫁接,以番茄自根苗为对照(CK),研究了春季不同砧木嫁接对番茄生长发育、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:嫁接番茄植株的成活率均>90%,4种砧木与接穗完全亲和,但嫁接会导致植株生长发育迟缓;嫁接能够促进番茄植株地上部生长并增强根系的吸收能力,其中利用砧抗1号砧木嫁接的番茄地上部和地下部干、鲜重最高,根冠比最大;嫁接均能够降低番茄果实的硝酸盐含量和可滴定酸含量,并使果实糖酸比和VC含量有不同程度的提高,果实品质和口感得到不同程度的改善,其中,利用科砧3号砧木嫁接的番茄果实品质最好,利用砧抗1号砧木嫁接的番茄果实口感最佳;嫁接番茄均较CK增产,其中利用科砧3号和砧抗1号砧木嫁接增产效果明显,增产率分别为21.05%和14.32%。

The effects of different rootstocks grafting on the growth the Zhenkang No. 1, Kezhen No. 1, Kezhen No. 2, and self-rootseedlings as control. The results showed Kezhen No. 3 , yield and quality of tomato were studied with as rootstocks, Jinpeng NO. 8 tomato as scion that the grafting survival rate of each rootstock were above 90%, there was high affinity between the four rootstocks and the scion （Jinpeng No. 8）, but grafting delayed the growth of plant. Grafting could promote the shoot growth and enhance the absorbing ability of root, the tomato grafted with Zhankang No. 1 with the highest dry and fresh weight of shoot and root, with the maximum ratio of root and shoot. Grafting could reduce the nitrate content and titratable acid content in tomato fruit, increase the fruit sugar acid ratio and Vc content, then improve fruit quality and taste in different degrees, the fruit quality of Kezhen No. 3 was the best, the fruit taste of Zhenkang No. 1 was optimum. The yield of grafted tomato were all higher than CK, and the yield increasing effect of tomato grafted with Kezhen No. 3 and Zhenkang No. 1 were obvious, the yield increasing rate were 21.05% and 14.32%, respectively.