追肥对苹果叶片生长 光合作用及果实品质的影响

Effects of Topdressing Treatments on the Leaf Growth,Photosynthesis and Fruit Quality of Apple Tree

以天红2号/SH40/八棱海棠为试材,分别在3月中下旬、6月中下旬和9月中下旬进行追肥,研究了不同施肥种类与施肥量组合4个处理(处理Ⅰ:3月中下旬追施尿素480 kg/hm2,6月中下旬追施尿素480 kg/hm2,9月中下旬追施有机肥1 830 kg/hm2;处理Ⅱ:3月中下旬追施尿素480 kg/hm2,6月中下旬追施有机肥915 kg/hm2,9月中下旬追施尿素960 kg/hm2;处理Ⅲ:3月中下旬追施尿素480 kg/hm2,6月中下旬不追肥,9月中下旬追施有机肥1 830 kg/hm2+叶面肥48 kg/hm2;处理Ⅳ:3月中下旬追施尿素480 kg/hm2+有机肥915 kg/hm2,6月中下旬不追肥,9月中下旬追施有机肥915 kg/hm2+叶面肥48 kg/hm2)对苹果叶片生长、光合作用及果实品质的影响。结果表明:不同追肥处理对苹果叶片生长、光合作用及果实品质的影响程度不同,其中,叶片单叶面积、百叶厚、叶绿素含量(SPAD)、比叶鲜重和比叶干重的顺序均为处理Ⅳ>处理Ⅲ>处理Ⅰ>处理Ⅱ;处理Ⅳ的苹果叶片光合能力明显高于其他处理,且果实的着色指数、光洁指数、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量均高于其他处理,但果实硬度较小。春季尿素与有机肥配施+秋季有机肥与1%尿素叶面肥配施(处理Ⅳ),是促进苹果叶片生长和提高果实品质的适宜追肥方法。

The 4-year-old apple tree （ ‘ Tianhong No. 2＇ Fuji/SH40/Malus robusta Rehd. ） were used to study the effects of four topdressing treatments （ treatment Ⅰ ： topdressing urea 480 kg/hm2 in mid-late March ＋ urea 480 kg/hm2 in mid-late June ＋ organic fertilizer 1 830 kg/hm2 in mid-late September, treatment Ⅱ： topdressing urea 480 kg/hm2 in mid-late Maroh ＋ organic fertilizer 915 kg/hm2 in mid-late June ＋ urea 960 kg/hm2 in mid-late September, treatment m topdressing urea 480 kg/hm2 in mid-late March ＋ no topdressing in mid-late June ＋ organic fertilizer 1 830 kg/hm2 and foliar fertilize 48 kg/hm2 in mid-late September, treatment IV： topdressing urea 480 kg/hm2 and organic fertilizer 915 kg/hm2 in mid-late March ＋ no topdressing in mid-late June ＋ organic fertilizer 915 kg/hm2 and foliar fertilize 48 kg/hm2 in mid-late September） on the leaf growth, photosynthesis and fruit quality of apple tree. The results showed that leaf growth, photosynthesis and fruit quality of apple tree were varied in different fertilizer treatments, apple leaf area, blinds thick, chlorophyll content （ SPAD）, specific leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight ratio were expressed as treatment Ⅳ 〉 treatment m 〉 treatment Ⅰ 〉 treatment Ⅱ. Apple leaf photosynthetic capacity was significantly higher in treatment IV than other treatments, and fruit coloration index , fruit shape index , soluble solids confend and soluble sugar content were higher than other treatments but firmness smaller. To sum up, among combination treatments, significant promoting effect under the combination treatment Ⅳ as dressing of urea and organic fertilizer in spring and organic fertilizer and foliar （1% urea） in autumn.