机车乘务员作业疲劳与心理健康状况调查

Survey on the Work Fatigue and Mental Health Condition of the Trainmen

目的了解机车乘务员的作业疲劳、心理健康状况以及二者之间的相关性。方法随机抽取某铁路局客运机车乘务员233名,采用《疲劳症状自评量表》、《焦虑自评量表》、《抑郁自评量表》对其疲劳状况和焦虑、抑郁情绪进行调查。结果客运机车乘务员出乘前和退乘后的疲劳症状均以困倦感得分最高;出乘前与退乘后的各项得分比较,除了酸疼感以外,其他各项得分差异均有统计学意义;退乘后眼疲劳感最明显,脑力疲劳次之,体力疲劳感最轻;其疲劳状况与乘务龄无关。焦虑、抑郁情绪阳性率分别达到46.4%和62.4%,其中均以轻度者为主;不同乘务龄组间比较,焦虑、抑郁情绪得分差异均有统计学意义。焦虑、抑郁情绪与疲劳自评得分之间均有相关性,基本上呈中度正相关。结论机车乘务员退乘后疲劳感明显增加,且存在有焦虑、抑郁情绪,疲劳状况对心理健康有一定的影响。

Objective To understand the status of the trainmen＇s work fatigue and mental health,and the correlation between them. Methods 233 trainmen from some railway were selected randomly and investigated the fatigue status,anxiety and depression respectively with The Fatigue Symptom Self-Assessment Scale,The Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale and The Depression Self-Assessment Scale. Results For the scores of trainmen＇s fatigue symptoms either before work or after work,the tiredness was highest; the scores of fatigue symptoms,except the aching feeling,between before and after were all different,and the differences were statistically significant（ P〈 0. 05）. Compared with the physical fatigue after work,the mental fatigue was more obvious,and eye fatigue was the most; but the fatigue status has nothing to do with the work age. The positive rates of the anxiety and the depression were 46. 4% and 62. 4% respectively,in which were mainly mild person; the scores of the anxiety and the depression between different work age were all different,and the differences were statistically significant（ P 〈0. 05）. There was moderate positive correlation between the anxiety,the depression and the fatigue self-assessment score. Conclusion The fatigue increased obviously for trainmen after work. The anxiety and depression of the trainmen were present after work,and the fatigue status had certain negative influence on mental health.