社区老年人健康体检现状及影响因素探讨——以成都市为例

Status and Associated Factors of Health Examinations Among Urban Community Elderly Residents—Illustrated by Chengdu

目的了解城市社区老年人健康体检的现状,探讨影响老年人健康体检的主要因素,为制定社区老年人健康干预计划提供参考依据。方法在成都市某社区采用简单随机抽样方法选取65岁及以上常住城镇社区老年居民995人进行面对面的问卷调查,对老年人健康体检的现状采用描述性分析,对影响老年人健康体检的因素进行χ2检验,并建立二分类Logistic回归模型进一步探讨影响老年人健康体检的因素。结果 84.1%的老年人定期参加健康体检;不同性别、年龄、文化程度、收入水平、配偶状况和健康素养具备情况的老年人健康体检率的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),老年人自觉健康状况对健康体检率的影响没有统计学意义(P>0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、配偶、收入水平和健康素养具备情况是影响老年人健康体检的主要因素(P<0.05),男性、高龄、无配偶、低收入和不具备健康素养老年人的健康体检率相对较低。结论成都市社区老年人健康体检率有所提高。不同特征老年人的健康体检率存在差异,社区卫生服务机构在为老年人开展健康体检的服务中,尤其要关注低收入、无配偶、行动不便及高龄老年人,加强健康教育,改善老年人健康素养水平。

Objective To study the status of health examinations among urban community elderly residents and ex- plore the associated factors in order to provide references for formulating relevant intervention strategies. Meth- otis In a community of Chengdu, 995 community elderly residents with age of 65 and above were selected by simple random sampling method. The elderly were surveyed face - to - face with questionnaires. The status of the elderly health examinations was analyzed with descriptive method and the associated factors were analyzed with χ^2test and binary Logistic regression. Results A proportion of 84. 1% of the elderly participated in health examinations regularly. The difference of health examinations was statistically significant among the elderly with different gender, age, educational level, income level, spouse and healthy literacy （ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. There was no statistical significance in respect to perceived health status （P 〉 0. 05 ）. Logistic regression analysis showed that factors associated with the health examinations of elderly residents included gender, age, spouse, in- come level and healthy literacy （ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. The proportion of health examinations was relatively low among the residents characterized by male, older, no spouse, low income and lack of literacy. Conclusion The rate of health examinations in Chengdu has been in- creasing. There are differences in examination rates among the elderly with different demographic characteris- tics. Accordingly, more attention should be paid to the elderly with low - income, no spouse and mobility problems. Interventions including health education and such should be implemented pertinently.