蜂桶寨自然保护区大熊猫生境适宜性评价与保护管理对策

Habitat suitability assessment and conservation strategies for giant pandas in Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve,China

对濒危野生动物而言,开展生境质量评价是完善就地保护措施、提高自然保护成效的基础。蜂桶寨自然保护区位于邛崃山系中段,是大熊猫模式标本的采集地。而此前有关该保护区大熊猫生境的研究主要集中在生境的选择上,生境适宜性评价方面的研究尚未开展。本文以海拔、坡度、植被类型、食物来源等4个生态因子为指标,通过构建景观连接度模型对保护区内大熊猫生境适宜性进行评价。结果表明,保护区内大熊猫不适宜生境面积、较适宜生境面积及最适宜生境面积分别为223.26、133.67和33.46 km2,分别占保护区总面积的57%、34%和9%。从空间分布来看,最适宜生境和较适宜生境在保护区内的分布较为破碎分散,大熊猫活动痕迹点更多地集中在生境适宜程度较高的区域。为加强该区大熊猫种群的科学保护,应控制敏感区域的人为活动,确保保护区内大熊猫个体在不同生境斑块之间迁移扩散。日常保护管理工作中应重点关注与黄水河自然保护区相连区域,并可适度扩大蜂桶寨自然保护区的管护范围。

Habitat quality evaluation is the basis for making scientific conservation measures and enhancing protection efficacy for the endangered wildlife. Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve is the type locality of giant panda （Ailuropoda melanoleuca ） , which is located in the middle of Qionglai Mountains. Previous studies associating with giant panda protection focused on habitat selection, while habitat suitability studies have not yet reported. In order to promote the scientific conserva- tion of the wild giant panda population, we evaluated the habitat suitability of the giant panda in the reserve using landscape connection degree model. Four ecological factors including altitude, slope, vegetation type and food sources were selected as the indicators. The result showed that the unsuitable habitat area, suitable habitat area and the most suitable habitat area were 223.26, 133.67 and 33.46 km2, accounting for 57%, 34% and 9% of the total area of the reserve, re- spectively. The spatial distribution of the most suitable habitat and the suitable habitat were rela- tively scattered in the reserve. The sign locations of giant pandas were mainly found in the higher degree suitable habitat regions. We suggest those that sensitive areas with human activities should be emphasized in future management for ensuring the dispersal of individuals among different habitat patches. Especially, the daily routine work of protection and management should focus on the region connected to Huangshuihe Nature Reserve, and the management extent of Fengtong- zhai Nature Reserve should be expanded to some degree.