珠海市水岸线生态敏感性评价

Ecological sensitivity evaluation of shorelines in Zhuhai,Guangdong Province

水岸线对生态环境保护具有重要作用，但过度及不当的利用已造成部分岸线出现侵蚀甚至破坏，如何合理开发与利用水岸线已成为一个十分关注的问题。鉴于此，本研究以珠海市为研究区，选取水岸线500m范围内影响水岸线功能的坡度、归一化植被指数、生物多样性保护重要性、距离基本农田距离和距离脆弱生态系统距离为评价指标，进行单因子和综合生态敏感性评价，以缓冲区内最大敏感性等级赋值水岸线的综合生态敏感性，使用叠加排序法识别不同敏感区的主要影响因子，并据此提出不同敏感性岸线的开发利用建议。结果表明：（1）研究区水岸线综合敏感性与岸线缓冲区内各单因子和综合敏感性空间分布类似，整体以不敏感和轻度敏感为主，中度和高度敏感相对较少且多集中在香洲区和斗门区；（2）缓冲区内各单因子在不同变化范围内，不同生态敏感性等级的面积百分比不同：在坡度为25°-45°、归一化指数〉0．45、生物多样性保护中等重要、距离基本农田距离300～500m和距离脆弱生态系统距离〈100m时，中高度敏感区的面积百分比最大；（3）缓冲区内轻度、中度和高度敏感区的关键影响因子分别为：距离基本农田距离、距离基本农田距离与生物多样性保护重要性、距离脆弱生态系统距离与生物多样性保护重要性；（4）针对高度敏感、中度敏感以及轻度和不敏感岸段，建议分别采取严格控制、限制开发建设以及协调保护的开发利用措施。

Shorelines play important roles in and excessive utilization, erosion and damage protecting aquatic ecosystem. Due to inappropriate have been found in parts of shorelines. Thus, how to rationally exploit and use shorelines has become an increasing concern. In this study, the city of Zhuhai was taken as an example to conduct an ecological sensitivity evaluation. A 500 m buffer zone along shorelines in Zhuhai was made and within this buffer zone, factors such as slope, the normalized difference vegetation index, the importance of biodiversity protection, and distance from shoreline to the basic farmland and fragile ecosystem were selected and single factor and multi-factor ecological sensitivity evaluations were conducted. We then assigned the maximum sensitivity level observed within the buffer zone to the shorelines. In the meantime, the overlap- ping and ordering method was developed to identify the key affecting factors in a given sensitive area. Accordingly, recommendations of development and utilization of shorelines were proposed. Results showed that： （ 1 ） The single factor and multi-factor ecological sensitivity evaluations showed the similar spatial pattern, which was generally at low sensitivity （non-sensitive or light- sensitive） in the study area, with a relatively few moderate- and high-sensitive areas clumped in the districts of Doumen and Xiangzhou ; （2） For the ecological sensitivity evaluation of single fac-tors, the area percentage for each ecological sensitivity level varied with factor level. The largest area percentages of high sensitivity level occurred under these factor conditions： slope between 25-45 degree, normalized differences vegetation index higher than 0.45, moderate biodiversity protection importance, distance to the basic farmland within 300-500 m, and distance to the fragile ecosystem less than 100 m; （3） The key affecting factors in lightly, moderately and high- ly sensitive areas were the distance to basic farmland, the distance to basic farmland along with the importance of biodiversity protection, and the distance to fragile ecosystem along with the im- portance of biodiversity protection; （d） Different development and utilization measures should be taken for shorelines of different sensitive levels, i.e., strictly controlling development, restricted development, and harmonious protection in the high sensitivity areas, moderate sensitivity areas, and light/non-sensitivity areas, respectively.