近代西方科技在晚清的传播与影响

The Spread and Influence of Modern Western Science and Technology in the Late Qing Dynasty

18世纪英国工业革命使资本主义从传统农业社会转向工业社会,西方科技的快速发展不仅促进了社会的进步和经济发展,也鼓涨了西方帝国对外大肆扩张的贪婪欲望。东方"天朝大国"的清王朝国门于是被西方列强打开,与此同时,学习和研究近代西方科学技术,也很快成为清王朝一股社会思潮。近代西方科技在晚清的传播范围较广,上至宫廷皇族,中有朝廷大员,下到觉悟起来的知识分子,均对西方科技有所认识体察或者运用采纳,以及因此产生的政治警醒;近代西方科技的传入在助长清统治者奢靡生活作风的同时,也对清统治者思想观念和国家发展生产了以下四方面的影响:启发了改革意识、更新了人才培养观念、激发了政治改革思想、促进了中国近代化历程的发展。

With the transformation of the Britain in the 18th century from a traditional agricultural society to an industrial society as a result of the industrial revolution, the rapid development of science and technology in the West not only promoted social progress and economic development, but also blew-up the greed of the western imperialist countries for international expansion. The intrusion of the west powers into China was accompanied by a social trend of study and research of modern western science and technology, which had a wide range of spread from the royals, the high-ranking officials to the wakened intellectuals, and had great influences upon the late Qing Dynasty in the following aspects： reform consciousness, talent training concept, political reform thought and the modernizing process of China.