农村室内公共场所甲醛污染及致癌风险评价

Rural indoor formaldehyde pollution in public places and the evaluation on the risk of cancer

目的了解远安县室内公共场所空气中甲醛污染现状,分析甲醛污染对从业人员的癌症风险。方法对远安县114家室内公共场所甲醛污染状况进行现场快速检测,并应用健康风险评价理论评价甲醛污染对从业人员的癌症风险。结果检测454份,合格451份,合格率99.34%,各类公共场所平均甲醛浓度均未超过国家卫生标准,旅店的甲醛平均浓度明显高于其它公共场所,且有极显著性意义(t≥5.369 2,P<0.01);文化娱乐、理发美容高于商场书店、餐厅饭馆,且均有极显著性意义(t≥3.321 6,P<0.01);五类公共场所甲醛对从业人员的癌症风险均>1×10-5,以理发美容业为最高,男、女性从业人员甲醛癌症风险分别为6.22×10-5、5.43×10-5,旅店业次之,而以文化娱乐业为最低,各类公共场所甲醛癌症风险成年男性从业人员均高于女性。结论农村室内公共场所空气中甲醛污染较重,对从业人员存在一定癌症风险,在日常卫生监督过程中,要加强对这方面的管理和指导,督促业主采取综合措施降低室内空气中甲醛的浓度,减少健康风险,保障从业人员和广大消费者的身体健康。

Objective To understand the indoor air formaldehyde pollution in public places of Yuan＇an county,and analyze the risk of cancer for the employees. Methods Rapid detection of formaldehyde pollution of 114 indoor public places was performed,and health evaluation theory was used to evaluate the risk of cancer for the employees. Results Among the 454 samples,451 were qualified（ 99. 34%）. The average formaldehyde concentration of all kinds of public places did not exceed the national health standards. The average formaldehyde concentration in hotels were significantly higher than those of the other public places,and the difference was very significant（ t≥5. 369 2,P 〈0. 01）; The entertainments and beauty parlors were higher than those of the malls,bookstores and restaurants and with extremely significant difference（ t≥3. 321 6,P〈 0. 01）; Among the 5 kinds of public places,the risk of cancer for the employees were higher than 1 × 10- 5,and the barber and beauty parlors were the highest,cancer risk were 6. 22× 10- 5、5. 43 × 10- 5for male and female respectively. In turn were hotel employees,and the entertainments were the lowest. In all kinds of public places,cancer risk was higher in male than in female. Conclusions Formaldehyde pollution in indoor public places was very serious,with certain risk of cancer for employees. It is necessary to promote management and guidance in routine surveillance,to urge owners to take comprehensive measures to reduce the concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air,and protect the health of both the employees and consumers.