燕麦种质资源在晋北寒旱生态区的鉴定

Identification of Oat Germplasm Resources in the Cold Dry Ecological Area of North Shanxi

为探索国家现代农业燕麦荞麦产业技术体系提供的100份燕麦资源的利用价值,并从中筛选出可直接利用的优质品种,采用田间观察和综合分析的方法,研究其农艺性状的变异情况和部分性状的遗传多样性表现。农艺性状分析表明:轮层数、株高和千粒重的稳定性相对较好,在育种过程中较容易选择;上数第2片叶长、上数第2片叶宽和穗粒重的变异系数较大,在育种中应放宽标准。若干性状的遗传多样性分析表明:皮裸性、粒色、茎叶蜡质的遗传多样性指数偏小;粒形、芒色、茎粗度和旗叶叶相的遗传多样性指数较大。通过鉴定筛选出13个抗旱、抗病、早熟的优质燕麦品种,20个大穗大粒品种,以及一系列单一性状突出的品种。为燕麦新品种选育和合理利用燕麦种质资源提供理论依据。

To explore the utilization value of 100 oat varieties which were provided by Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Sciences, and screen high quality varieties that can be used directly, agronomic traits and geneticdiversity were studied by using the field observation and comprehensive analysis. Agronomic charactersanalysis showed that： round number, plant height and weight stability were relatively good, could be easilyselected in the breeding process. The coefficient of variation of the second leaf length and leaf width and thegrain weight per spike were larger, their standards should be relaxed in breeding. Genetic diversity analysisshowed that genetic diversity indexes of skin bare, grain color, stem and leaf wax were small. Relatively theindexes of grain shape, awn color, stem diameter and flag leaf were larger. The 13 quality oat varieties withdrought resistance, disease resistance and precocious trait were screened through the identification, as well as20 big spike and big grain varieties, and a series of single trait prominent varieties. These can provide thetheory basis for oats varieties breeding and rational utilization of oat germplasm resources.