珠三角地区不同养殖池塘浮游动物生物量特征

Biomass Characteristics of Zooplankton of Different Aquaculture Ponds in Pearl River Delta

于2012年5—12月对珠三角地区主养笋壳鱼(Oxyeleotris marmoratus)、草鱼(Grass carp)、大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)和乌鳢(Channa argus)4个品种的池塘浮游动物生物量分布特征进行了研究,并将其与水环境因子的相关关系进行了深入探讨。研究表明,在整个调查期间,主养笋壳鱼、草鱼、大口黑鲈和乌鱧池塘的生物量分布无明显变化规律,生物量平均值分别为4.718、3.693、2.579及20.932 mg/L。四种池塘小型浮游动物(原生动物和轮虫类)的生物量占浮游动物总生物量的比例很高,枝角类和桡足类对浮游动物总生物量的贡献相对较小。相关性分析发现,主养笋壳鱼池塘对浮游动物生物量分布影响显著的环境因子有p H、水温、透明度和总固体含量。主养草鱼池塘水温、透明度和总固体含量是影响浮游动物生物量分布的主要环境因子。主养大口黑鲈池塘中溶解氧含量极大地影响浮游动物生物量分布。主养乌鱧池塘p H、水温和亚硝酸盐含量对浮游动物生物量分布影响显著。单因素方差分析结果表明,四种池塘浮游动物生物量平均值之间存在极显著差异(P<0.001)。

Distribution characteristics of zooplankton biomass and its correlation with water environmentalfactors were investigated and analyzed in four ponds where dominant species were Oxyeleotris marmoratus,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Micropterus salmoides and Channa argus respectively at the Pearl River Deltaregion from May to December in 2012.Results have shown that throughout the investigation period,there wasno significant change in distribution of zooplankton biomass of the four ponds,and the average values ofbiomass were 4.718 mg/L,3.693 mg/L,2.579 mg/L and 20.932 mg/L,respectively.Biomass ofmicrozooplankton（protozoa and rotifers） accounted for a very high proportion of the total zooplankton biomassin the four ponds,while cladocerans and copepods contributed relatively less to the total zooplankton biomass.Correlation analysis showed that,in the Oxyeleotris marmoratus dominant pond,the environmental factors suchas p H value,water temperature,transparency and total solids content had a significant impact on distributionof zooplankton biomass.In the Ctenopharyngodon idellus dominant pond,water temperature,transparency andtotal solids content were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of zooplankton biomass.Inthe Micropterus salmoides dominant pond,dissolved oxygen content greatly affected the distribution ofzooplankton biomass.In the Channa argus dominant pond,p H value,water temperature and nitrite contentsignificantly affected the distribution of zooplankton biomass.One-way analysis of variance（ANOVA） results showed that there was very significant difference between the average values of zooplankton biomass in the fourponds（P〈0.001）.