中国亚热带山地土壤发生特性和系统分类研究进展

The Research Progress of Edaphogenetic Characteristics and Taxonomic Classification of Orogenic Soil in Subtropics of China

为了解亚热带山地成土环境下土壤形成规律和分类现状,推动中西部山地土壤发生学研究和土系建立,为山地土壤资源的可持续利用提供参考。综述了有关中国亚热带山地土壤的发生发育特性及其系统分类的研究资料,包括中国亚热带山地的主要地球化学过程和成土过程特点,亚热带山地土壤分类的主要诊断层、诊断特性和诊断现象以及高级分类单元的垂直分布规律,基层分类单元的主要诊断指标。在此基础上,展望了亚热带山地土壤系统分类研究值得重视的4个方面:(1)深入理解亚热带山地土壤的地球化学和成土过程;(2)建立中国亚热带典型山地土壤的代表性土族、土系,检验和完善现有基层分类单元的诊断指标体系;(3)强化山地土壤系统分类中分析指标和数据标准化意识;(4)重视薄片微形态、现代仪器分析和计算机新技术的应用。

This study aims at the universal understanding of soil formation and taxonomic classification insubtropical mountains.It is useful for promoting pedogenesis research progress and orogenic soil seriesestablishment in midwest China,and is further essential for sustainable utilization of orogenic soils.Theedaphogenic characteristics and taxonomic classification of orogenic soils in subtropics of China werereviewed,including characteristics of major geochemical and soil-forming processes,principal diagnostichorizons,characteristics and phenomena,the altitudinal distribution of senior taxon,and diagnostic criteria ofbasic taxon.Then,several research priorities were proposed for the orogenic soil taxonomy in subtropics ofChina：（1） deeply understanding the geochemical and soil-forming processes;（2） establishing typical soilfamilies and series,and testing the current criteria of basic taxon in subtropics of China;（3） strengthening thestandardization of indices and data;（4） applying micromorphology,modern instrumental analysis and databasetechnologies.